Patent operation is a kind of market behavior which marketizes the patent as a commodity and realizes its value through marketization operation. The effect of the patent operation, not only determines whether the incentive mechanism of patent system can be effective, but also reflects the pros and cons of the patent system directly. There are several factors which affect the effect of patent operation, but this paper holds that patent operation has the following three attributes by which its effect is mainly affected:technology, economics and law, of which technology attribute means the object of patent operation is innovative achievements which are technological and are reflected in the form of patent, innovative achievements are the core of patent operation. Economics attribute means patent operation is a kind of market behavior and the economic value of patent can only be realized under the conditions of market, market is the background of all related problems. In addition, the success of patent operation also depends on the recognition and guarantee of law on the legitimacy of patent operation, law is the institutional condition and guarantee for patent operation.