Using data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2015 as the research sample,the paper explores the impact of the debt structure and the ownership on the growth of the company from three dimensions:Debt level structure,debt maturity structure and debt source structure. The results show that:In the whole sample,the debt level structure,the debt maturity structure,the debt source structure and the growth of the company have a positive correlation,that is,the appropriate increase in debt financing,long-term debt,bank loans and corporate bonds can help the company's growth better. It is found that the three dimensions of the debt structure have significant differences on the growth of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. In particular,the impact of debt level structure and debt source structure on the growth of state-owned enterprises is not significant,and the three dimensions of debt structure have a greater impact on the growth of private enterprises. The results of this study can provide reference for the listed companies to adjust and optimize the debt structure from different angles and promote the growth and development of the enterprises.