By constructing the evaluation index system for the scientific and technological achievements transformation,this paper uses the minimum distance to the strong frontier method (mSBM) to measure the scientific and technological achievements transformation performance in China from 1998 to 2016. On the basis of analyzing the spatial correlation of scientific and technological achievements transformation performance,combined with the supply-side structural reform background,we use the spatial panel data model to empirically examine the influencing factors of the scientific and technological achievements transformation performance. The results show that China's scientific and technological achievements transformation performance shows obvious inter-provincial differences. Most of the eastern coastal provinces have relatively high scientific and technological achievements transformation performance,while the scientific and technological achievements transformation performance in the inland provinces of the central and western regions is not satisfactory. In terms of regions,the scientific and technological achievements transformation performance in the eastern region is the highest,followed by the central region and the lowest in the west region. After incorporating the spatial effect,scientific and technological achievements transformation performance not only shows spatial dependence in the global space,but also shows spatial heterogeneity in local space. The scientific and technological achievements transformation performance in most provinces is located in the spatial agglomeration area. A small number of provinces are in a spatially separated area. The results of spatial econometric model show that industrial structure,financial structure,human capital structure,economic development level,foreign direct investment effectively promote the scientific and technological achievements transformation performance,while property rights structure and government intervention have inhibited it.