中国作为一个正处于转型过程中的发展中国家，创业活动类型和创业环境都与成熟市场经济国家存在很大差异，经济体系中呈现"强政府、弱市场"的资源配置格局，金融市场化尚不完善。研究中国的区域创业差距问题必须基于中国目前转型经济条件下的特殊背景。文章旨在解决以下两个问题：政府行为和金融约束对中国区域创业差距产生了怎样的影响?中国转型背景下政府行为和金融市场的特殊性是否会对中国区域创业产生不同于成熟市场经济的影响?文章在研究框架上对流行的创业折衷框架进行修正，创新性地引入政府的行政规范程度、非税负担变量和宏观流动性约束变量，建立省际面板数据模型，实证分析了政府行为和金融约束对中国区域创业差距的影响。研究结果表明：政府管制程度的提高，无论对生存型创业还是机会型创业都将产生抑制作用；信贷环境方面，在目前金融市场化尚不完善的背景下，银行信贷资金在中国整个企业融资体系中仍然占据主导地位，信贷约束的放松和信贷可获得性的增强对中国的机会型创业行为产生显著的促进作用。

As a developing country in the process of transformation, China's entrepreneurial activity types and entrepreneurial environment are very different from those of mature market economies.The economic system presents a "strong government, weak market" resource allocation pattern, and the financial market is not perfect.The problem of regional entrepreneurship gap in China must be based on the special background of China's current transitional economy.The purpose of this study is to solve the following two problems:1) How do government behavior and financial constraints affect China's regional entrepreneurial gap? 2) Does the particularity of government behavior and financial market in China's transitional background affect China's regional entrepreneurship different from mature market economy? The article corrects the popular entrepreneurial compromise framework in the research framework, innovatively introduces the government's administrative normative degree, non-tax burden variable and macro liquidity constraint variable, establishes the provincial panel data model, and empirically analyzes government behavior and financial constraints.The results of the study on the impact of regional entrepreneurship gaps in China show that:1) The degree of government regulation will be inhibited for both survival and opportunistic entrepreneurship.2) The credit environment is still not perfect in the current financial market.Under the background, bank credit funds still occupy a dominant position in China's entire corporate financing system.The relaxation of credit constraints and the increase in credit availability play a significant role in promoting China's opportunity-based entrepreneurial behavior.

D630;F279.2;F832

2019年度教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目"高校辅导员职业压力、职业倦怠实证调查与与职业幸福感提升策略研究"（19JDSZ3018）；2019年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（人文社科类）项目（300102509609/300102509660）；陕西省2018年高校辅导员工作研究课题（2018FKT08）；2018年全国高校共青团立项课题（2018LX224）