At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, library institutions which were in the eastern part of China were moved to Chongqing to promote the rapid development of Chongqing’s librarianship. However, the bombing of Chongqing by Japan, severe inflation and the rapid increase in the population of Chongqing led to a crisis in the library business of Chongqing. At the same time, the social education function of the library was strengthened in wartime. Because of the goal of jointly opposing the Japanese aggression, all parties at home and abroad have played their respective roles in response to the crisis in the cause of Chongqing’s library, both with the policy or financial support provided by Chongqing’s governments at all levels and the unremitting efforts of the domestic library community, the selfless dedication of the public and the assistance of the international community. Eventually, Chongqing’s librarianship gradually recovered.