大学领导是我国高等教育体系建设的中坚力量，其办学理念和教育理念都深刻影响着我国高等教育治理体系及其治理效能。大学领导往往是"学而优则仕"的结果，但是他们的上任和选聘与其"学"如何"优"的定量关系，依然是未解之谜。因此，刻画大学领导的科研表现与其行政职务的动态关系，了解和研究大学领导学术生涯和行政生涯的关系，有利于厘清高等教育人才职业生涯路径，为解决我国教育创新型人才培养问题提供建议与参考。
本文定量研究大学领导的学术生产力和影响力是否受到其行政职位的影响。对来自411所大学的343名男性和68名女性大学领导进行抽样调查，其学术生产力和影响力的数据来源于Web of Science数据库收录的发文量和被引量。我们定义了四个时期：任职前时期、前任职到现任职时期、现任职时期和参考时期，采用统计学方法，对比分析他们在任现职前后的学术生产力和学术影响力的变化。
大学领导对高等教育的发展至关重要，繁杂的公事、巨大的压力及紧凑的工作时间让他们在成为领导的过程中，经历着学术生涯和行政生涯或互动或促进或博弈的历程。前人研究表明，行政职务对个人生活和职业生涯有各种负面影响。本研究定量考察了行政职务对学术人员科研表现的影响。结果表明：（1）行政职务对校领导的发文量影响较小，对被引量的影响程度中等，行政职务在一定程度上影响了各位校领导的学术表现，尤其是影响了大部分校领导的学术影响力；（2）学科的不同在行政职务和学术表现的关系上无显著影响；（3）大学排名的高低，对校领导在任职后的学术生产力有很薄弱的影响，在学术影响层面上，高校领导任职后都呈下降趋势；（4）从性别的角度看高校领导在任职前后的学术表现并没有较大不同，男领导和女领导的学术表现在任职后均有所下降；（5）任职经验较长的校领导发文量受行政职务的影响更大，而任职经验较短的校领导则是被引量受行政职务的影响更大。
我们通过定量分析与统计验证，再一次证实了"鱼和熊掌，不可兼得"的事实。大学行政职务对高校教师来说，是他们的"达摩克利斯之剑"，既可能像一部分教师一样学术行政双丰收，更可能像大多数（近六成）教师一样出现纯学术影响力的下滑。在高校领导自身层面，"事半功倍"的学术能力和处事能力能为其带来稳定，甚至更大的收获。在政策制定者层面，可以考虑为高校管理工作者提供管理培训平台，尤其是提供高校领导的培训提升平台，遴选大学领导时重学科和经验、轻排名和性别。

University leaders are the backbone of China's higher education system construction, and their governing theories and pedagogical philosophy have profoundly affected higher education system and its governance efficiency. University leaders are often the result of "excellent performance" on both teaching and research, but the quantitative relationship between their appointments and how "excellent" they "perform" is still an unsolved mystery. Therefore, starting from portraying the dynamic relationship between university leaders' scientific research performance and their administrative positions, understanding and studying the relationship between university leaders' academic and administrative careers is conducive to clarifying the career path of higher education talents and providing solutions to the problem of training innovative talents in education system.
This article uses a quantitative analysis to study whether the academic productivity and impact of university leaders is affected by their administrative positions. We conducted a sample survey of 343 male and 68 female university leaders from 411 universities. The academic productivity and impact data are derived from the number of articles and citations indexed in the Web of Science database. We have defined four periods:pre-position period, previous position to current position period, current position period, and reference period. We applied statistical methods to compare and analyze the changes in their academic productivity and academic impact before and after their current positions.
University leaders are very important to the development of higher education. The complicated official business, huge pressure and tight working hours make them experience the battle between the academic and administrative careers. Previous studies have shown that administrative positions have various negative effects on personal and professional lives. This research quantitatively examines the impact of administrative positions on academic staff's scientific research performance. The results show that:(1) Administrative positions have a small impact on the amount of papers published by school leaders, and the impact on the amount of citations is moderate. Administrative positions have affected the academic performance of school leaders to a certain extent, and most of the school leaders have been affected on their academic impact. (2) Differences in disciplines have not shown much impact on the relationship between administrative positions and academic performance. (3) The level of university rankings has a very weak impact on the academic productivity of school leaders after taking up their posts. At the level of academic influence, university leaders have shown a downward trend after taking up their current positions. (4) From the perspective of gender, the academic performance of university leaders is not much different before and after their appointment. The academic performance of both male and female leaders has declined after their appointment. (5) University leaders with longer experience are more affected by administrative positions on their publications, while those with shorter experience are more affected by administrative positions on their citations.
Through quantitative analysis and statistical verification, we once again confirmed the scenario of"cannot have both fish and bear's paw". University administrative positions are "sword of Damocles" for university teachers. They may have doubled the harvest in academic research and administration, or they (nearly 60%) are more likely to receive decreases on academic impact. For university leaders themselves, the academic ability and ability of handling affairs to "do more with less" can bring stability and even greater gains to them. For policy makers, it is suggested to provide a management training platform for university managers, especially a training and promotion platform for university leaders. Experience and disciplinary specialties should be considered when it comes to select university leaders instead of rankings and gender differences.

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统计与数据科学前沿理论及应用教育部重点实验室自主研究课题"基于大规模学术数据的科学家职业生涯路径"（KLATASDS-FEM2004）