社会共同体是人们彼此信任、认同、团结互助，在共同的价值观之下有着凝聚力的社会。在这种社会中把人与人粘合在一起的，一是利益，二是情感。但是面对利益冲突，仅靠公平来维系利益之间的粘合是不够的，还需要建立社会主体之间的情感纽带，让个体体会到自己是共同体中不可分割的有机组成部分。
从中国国家制度和国家治理体系的显著优势中可以发现，中国国家治理所致力的是建立社会共同体。全社会需要在党的领导下，凝聚社会共识，在思想上精神上紧紧团结在一起，实现一个共同的社会目标。在社会共同体的建构中，法治和德治具有互补和互助的作用。法治是赋予法律至高的政治地位，使其具备权威和能量来进行治理的一种治理方式。而德治则是赋予道德崇高的价值地位，使其具备权威和能量来进行治理的一种治理方式。法治着重于在社会分化中确立秩序，德治则努力弥合社会分化中的感情疏远和价值裂痕，二者在社会共同体的建构里发挥出相互补充的作用。法治和德治还存在互助作用。第一，法治为德治保底。法治保障了道德的底线，也使德治有了可靠的保障。第二，德治为法治固本。通过德治可以维系和强化社会道德纽带，进一步巩固法律的道德根基。
法治和德治的结合不仅是社会共同体治理的最佳组合，同时还存在着人性的基础，而这种人性基础也能被大脑的心理机制所证实。根据现代心理学和大脑神经科学，大脑存在两个系统，一个负责进行逻辑运算，是不带感情的理性系统，另一个是接受外界刺激直接生成情绪和情感的系统。这两个系统既分工合作，又相互制约。由于法律调整利益关系的功能，它需要依赖大脑理性系统。德治则依赖大脑情绪性系统，也进一步调整情绪性系统，强化人与人之间的感情纽带，从而实现一种秩序。中国传统德治就是调整人的情绪系统而进行的一种社会治理。
在一个共同体中，个体和共同体存在着精神上的同构关系。作为有机体的国家如同个体的大脑系统一样，有两大系统。对应个人理性系统的是国家理性系统，对应个人情绪性系统的是社会共同情感系统。在国家治理中，应当依据个体和国家的精神同构关系，把个人理性和国家理性协调一致，把个人情感和社会共同情感协调一致，实现国家层面的理性系统和情感系统的共同发展和相互平衡。在个体和共同体的精神同构中，法治的作用在于推动个体理性和国家理性的一致，德治的作用在于推动个体情感和共同情感的一致，最终把个体精神系统和共同体的精神系统连接在一起。在这种精神同构中，国家和个人产生出精神上的交互作用，国家从个体那里获得了巨大的精神能量，个体从国家那里获得了安全感、价值感以及针对外部世界的力量感。同时，德法合治有助于共同体和个体二者的理性系统和情感系统产生出平衡关系，使共同体和个体的精神系统得到健康发展。

A social community is a society where people trust,identify,unite and help each other,and have cohesion under common values.In this kind of society,people are glued together by interest and emotion.However,in the face of conflicts of interest,it is not enough to rely on fairness to maintain the bond between interests.It is also necessary to establish emotional bonds between social subjects so that individuals can realize that they are an inseparable and organic part of the community.
From the significant advantages of China's national system and national governance system,it can be found that China's national governance strives to establish a social community.The whole society needs to gather social consensus under the leadership of the Party,unite together ideologically and spiritually,and achieve a common social goal.In the construction of a social community,the rule of law and the rule of virtue play a complementary and mutually helpful role.The rule of law is a way of governance that gives the law the supreme political status,so that it has the authority and energy to govern.The rule of virtue is a way of governance that gives morality a lofty value status,so that it has the authority and energy to govern.The rule of law focuses on establishing order in social differentiation,while the rule of virtue strives to bridge the emotional alienation and value rift in social differentiation.The two play a complementary role in the construction of a social community.The rule of law and the rule of virtue also have mutual assistance.First,the rule of law guarantees the bottom line of morality,and it also provides a reliable guarantee for the rule of morality.Second,the rule of virtue has consolidated the foundation of the rule of law.The rule of virtue can maintain and strengthen the social moral bond and further consolidate the moral foundation of the law.
The combination of rule of law and rule of virtue is not only the best combination of social community governance,but also has a humannature foundation,and this human nature foundation can also be confirmed by the mental mechanism of the brain.According to modern psychology and brain neuroscience,there are two systems in the brain.One is responsible for logical operations,which is a rational system without emotions,and the other is a system that generates emotions directly when receiving external stimuli.These two systems not only divide labor and cooperate,but also restrict each other.Because of the function of law to adjust interest relations,it needs to rely on the brain's rational system.The rule of virtue relies on the emotional system of the brain,and further adjusts the emotional system,strengthens the emotional bond between people to achieve a kind of order.The traditional Chinese rule of virtue is a kind of social governance carried out by adjusting people's emotional system.
In a community,there is a spiritual isomorphic relationship between the individual and the community.The country as an organism,like the individual brain system,has two major systems.Corresponding to the personal rational system is the national rational system,and the individual emotional system corresponds to the social common emotional system.In national governance,it is necessary to coordinate individual rationality with national rationality,and coordinate individual emotions and social common emotions based on the spiritual isomorphism between the individual and the country,and realize the common development and mutual balance of the rational system and emotional system at the national level.In the spiritual isomorphism of the individual and the community,the role of the rule of law is to promote the unity of individual rationality and national rationality,and the role of the rule ofvirtue is to promote the unity of individual emotions and common emotions,and ultimately connect the individual spiritual system and the spiritual system of the community.In this spiritual isomorphism,the state and the individual have a spiritual interaction.The state obtains a huge spiritual energy from the individual,and the individual obtains a sense of security,a sense of value,and a sense of power against the outside world from the state.At the same time,the combination of rule of law and rule of virtue can help the rational system and emotional system of the community and the individual to produce a balanced relationship,so that the spiritual system of the community and the individual can develop healthily.

D920;D648

国家社会科学基金重点项目"法治与德治的治理机制研究"（20AFX002）