The modernization of state governance is to realize the modernization of people in the fundamental requirements, the fundamental position of the modernization of state governance must be people-centered. The fundamental people-centered position of China’s modernization of state governance has a profound historical foundation. This position is derived from the people’s historical view of Marx’s historical materialism, and in China’s revolution, construction and reform practice, it has formed different connotations with the characteristics of the times. The first generation of the CPC’s central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong as its core proposed "serving the people wholeheartedly" as the fundamental purpose of the Party. The second generation of the CPC’s central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as its core put forward the evaluation standard of "whether it is conducive to improving people’s living standard". The third generation of the CPC’s central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin as its core put forward the idea of "representing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people". The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as general secretary put forward the scientific development concept of "people-oriented". The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core put forward the concept of "people-centered" overall social development. These all have enriched and developed the Marxist view of mass history and reflected the requirements of the Party’s mass line of the times. In the new era, the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has changed. As the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has changed, the people-centered approach to modernizing governance has become more contemporary, more targeted, more demanding, and more difficult to implement. This requires China to carry out in the process of promoting the modernization of state governance the people-centered basic position, to insist on people’s main body status without waver, to take improving people’s wellbeing as the goal orientation and the interests of the people as the ultimate evaluation standard. Only by adhering to these standards can we mobilize and give play to the creative spirit of the people, meet the people’s yearning for a better life, and implement the people-centered fundamental position in the process of modernization of state governance.