Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration is an important economic growth pole leading the development and opening up of the western region. It is of great significance to improve its level of urban resilience for promoting the high-quality development of the western region and the coordinated regional development of China. Based on the five-dimensional evaluation framework of "economy-society-ecology-infrastructure-population", this paper selects 26 indicators to construct an evaluation index system. By using the entropy-weight-TOPSIS evaluation model and obstacle degree model, the paper analyzes and identifies the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of urban resilience and its obstacle factors in Cheng-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2019. The results show that:1) From the perspective of spatial and temporal pattern evolution, the urban resilience of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration is gradually increasing and the spatial differences are gradually decreasing; the overall level of urban resilience is low, and the number of cities with low resilience and lower resilience are large and widely distributed, showing a spatial distribution pattern of "high in northwest and southeast, low in central and western regions". 2) According to the identification results of obstacle factors, the obstacles to the improvement of urban resilience of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration as a whole and its cities mainly focus on the subsystems of social resilience and infrastructure resilience. The main factors involved were medical insurance coverage, the proportion of students in ordinary (specialized) science schools, the number of health institutions, the number of public transport vehicles per 10 000 people, the density of drainage pipes and population density in built-up areas.