Based on the perpetual inventory method and age-efficiency patterns, China's provincial public capital stock and productive public capital stock are estimated from 1985 to 2014. In the process of estimation, the statistical range of public capital and time sequence of asset depreciation by deduction of asset value are employed. Comparison with the public capital stock, the results show that the productive public stock can be better to reflect the ratio of capital to production since assets retirement and efficiency loss are taken into account. Overall, the growth rate of productive public capital stock was slow before 1993, after that the rate was increased dramatically. And the implementation of active fiscal policy at the times of financial crisis such as 1998 and 2009, has contributed further to the accumulation of public capital stock. In addition, the productive public capital stock presents obvious ladder-like distribution from east to west. The public capital stock is largest in coastal regions and facing a serious shortage in northwest regions.