In order to deeply understand the progress of research on structural damage of ballastless track under temperature and high-frequency train load, the primary structural forms of ballastless track and its advantages and disadvantages were summarized, the current status of research on the temperature field and temperature effect of ballastless track was reviewed, and the process of occurrence, development and change the law of interlayer interface damage under different forms of temperature load was focused on. The static properties of roadbeds and ballastless tracks on bridges under static forces and the mechanism of fatigue damage evolution under fatigue loading were presented. The current state of research on the mechanical response of ballastless track structures under coupled temperature-train loads and the major difficulties were discussed. Summarized the current research limitations and further looked forward to future development trends. Research results show that the regional difference of solar radiation has little research on the temperature action mode and value of ballastless track, and the design specification has no specific description. In the future, the temperature action of ballastless track should be accurately calculated in combination with historical meteorological data, and the isotherm maps of the temperature effect of ballastless tracks in different regions should be drawn to improve the accuracy of structural temperature action value and temperature calculation theory. The damage research of temperature and train dynamic load on ballastless track structure is mostly concentrated on the overall structure, and the damage evolution of detailed structure is not studied in depth. To quantify the mapping relationship between each parameter of ballastless track and structure by combining track details, components and overall structure, indoor accelerated test and field test, numerical analysis and experimental research in response to the actual standard project. Due to the limitation of test conditions, the existing temperature load and mechanical test are all carried out in sections, and the performance study under the coupling effect of temperature and train load is only carried out on the ballastless track from the perspective of numerical simulation. Under the background of single-load research, further breakthroughs are made in the multi-scale model test method and the multi-field coupling refined numerical analysis method under the coupled effect of temperature-train load, revealing the coupled dynamic behavior of temperature-train load and the instability mechanism of the track structure. The complex temperature and vehicle load coupling effects based on cyclic temperature, continuous high and low temperature, etc. have rarely been published. Probing the damage evolution mechanism of ballastless track under complex temperature-train load coupling. Optimize the design of ballastless track system, and improve service evaluation criteria for track structure performance under coupling action, to provide a reference for the actual project.