Abstract:The traditional blocks attract people with their specific space environment. In this paper, the form and character of space environment in traditional blocks are analyzed and some urban design principles of space construction in traditional blocks are investigated.

Abstract:With social and economic development in the past decades, the cities and towns was in rapid progress of urbanization. Under such circumstances, certain "urban concerns" causing serious problems in urban growth were arisen and attracted general attention. Located in the central plains in China, Zhengzhou has taken several strategies in its urbanization to ensure its urban development, including loop construction and "smooth transmit" program. However, the traffic block in downtown area always exists and has impact in certain level on the social and economic development in Zhengzhou, which is actually a common issue in other large cities of central and western China. Beginning with analysis of the patterns of urban spatial forms, in this paper, the main transportation issues of downtown area in Zhengzhou were discussed to find a way for its solution.

Abstract:As a renovation envelope, the double-skin facade has the characteristics of environment-friendly function and unique aesthetic effect. In this paper, the history and evolution of the double-skin facade is retraced and analyzed. At the end, it is pointed out that the environmental thoughts and aesthetic exploration are the impetus of its evolution.

Abstract:街道是城市空间环境的骨架，是城市的特色与活力所在。分析了传统山地城市街道中人的各种活动与自然共存的根本所在，指出山地城市街道空间秩序具有适应性、立体性、层次性与综合性的特点。通过对山地城市街道空间秩序的探讨，力图在现代山地城市空间的开发建设与旧城改造中，为重构被破坏的环境秩序提供规律，再现传统街道美学，从而创造富有地域文化特色的山地城市空间。

Abstract:The conservation of historic buildings and their environment is an unavoidable problem in urban construction. In this paper, the authors give a few new thoughts about the problem. First, the historic buildings are important part of the core power in city competition.Second,the conservation work should be combined with their development. Third, a classified and multilevel system of protection and reuse of old buildings should be set up.

Abstract:In this paper, taking the project of the Teaching Hospital of Medical Research Institute in Chongqing University, the one of the reconstruction of original building, as an example, the design methods in the course of location, planning and building design as well as detail design under the design principle "Making Good Use of the Situation for Reasonable Optimization" are expounded.

Abstract:Through comparison of four experiment methods, the basic properties of expanded metal mesh are studied on the mesh with special form of oblique wires and nodes. Moreover, the property index for design is obtained after analyzing the 4 experiment methods, which supply the experimental and theoretical basis for the application of this material to buildings. It is suggested that such specimen can be used as standard one for determining the property index.

Abstract:In this paper, according to the conception of rotation of the section orthographic projection around a fixed axis, the element stiffness matrix of thin-walled beam is directly deduced and the direct stiffness method is used to solve the continuous beam problem with different shear centers on one section. It is suggested through an example that when the element flexibility matrix and force method are used to solve the same question, the same answer will be gained, but the method used in this paper is simpler.

Abstract:根据曲率力法编制的非线性程序，模拟了十八榀单层单跨有粘结预应力混凝土框架，通过改变框架梁截面相对受压区高度、次弯矩以及加栽方式等因素，初步阐明了影响有粘结预应力混凝土框架内力重分布和弯矩调幅的因素及规律。总弯矩调幅系数随着相对受压区高度∈的增大而减小；同时当∈较大时，次弯矩将有助于调幅能力的提高。有粘结预应力混凝土框架既承受水平荷栽又承受竖向荷栽时，在破坏端的总弯矩调幅系数比相同结构只承受竖向荷载的总弯矩调幅系数要大，竖向承栽力则可能减小。

Abstract:During the process of seismic design of structures, prediction of earthquake damage in future and estimation of economic loss after earthquake, it is important task to select appropriate variables to establish damage models for offering quantitatively the damage indices of structures under earthquake. In this article a few types of damage variables and some two-parameter damage models are first analyzed, then a new damage model on the basis of damage mechanics is proposed and at last the value of the parameter in the model is given.

Abstract:The hard course of wall reform by gradual cancel of clay brick in China is retraced and the problems in housings from small concrete hollow blocks at early age are pointed out, such as 'bad thermal performance, cracking and permeability' etc. The way for development of block manufacture with own characters is suggested, that is, multi-hole concrete hollow block with module of clay brick produced by centrifugal technology of molding. Preliminary tests show that in respect of the strength, thermal performance and even technology, the block is better than the clay brick.

Abstract:In this paper, the application of modulated ARMA model in simulation of artificial earthquake waves is discussed on the several aspects such as determination of the ARMA model orders, determination of the ARMA model parameters and influence of the initial random series. It is shown from the calculation that the influence of the intensity envelop function on the frequency characteristic of the modulated ARMA model is acceptable and the modulated ARMA model is still an efficient alternative method to generate artificial earthquake wave in practice.

Abstract:In this paper, the GLONASS system is introduced, then the coordinates adopted in both GLONASS and GPS are discussed. The authors present a mathematic model of conversion between PZ-90 and WGS-84.This paper lays emphasis on the expounding the solution of converting parameters,then,the converting formula suitable for use in China is also presented. After that, in this paper starting from the converting formula to discuss the WGS-84 ground coordinate system and space-ground coordinate system as well as the PZ-90 space-ground coordinate system and ground coordinate system are discussed.Finally, the data used in China in the process of WGS-84 converting into PZ-90 are analyzed.

Abstract:In this paper, the untreated water from Yangtze River was stored. The turbidity of the water was reduced from 60 NTU to 1 NTU in the first 10 days, but the TOC value reduced only by 0.291 mg/L in 60 days. The organic molecular weight distribution and the organic polarity of storage water was analyzed using UF and XAD resin respectively. It was found that the organic matter, whose molecular weight is less than 4000 dalton, was decomposed and the hydrophilic organic matter was converted into hydrophobic organic matter.

Abstract:Exit-age experiments have been carried out on the same reactor with and without filter. The effects of filter on exit-age distribution function have been studied. The specific formula of exit-age distribution function for the reactor with filter is: E(t)=f_1E_1(t)+(1-f_1)E_2(t)+E_3(t). In this formula,E_3(t) is a factor considering the filter effect on reactor.

Abstract:The water supply system with pump-head tank joint water supply is a mature technology widely used in high-rise buildings. In recent years, with widespread of new type pipe material and decoration of buildings, there is insufficient pressure head of water supplied at top floors in high-rise buildings. In this paper from the experience in engineering practice the reason for this problem and its countermeasures are investigated, then some suggestions are given.

Abstract:The forecasting of water quality variation is very important in the process of sewage treatment, which helps the control system work reliably and steadily. In this paper, the compensative fuzzy neural network (CFNN) based on compensative fuzzy logic and neural network and its study arithmetic are introduced. Considering its features as fast speed, steady studying course, global dynamic optimization, CFNN is applied to establish water quality forecasting model. The practical example indicates that the model is not sensitive to initial parameters and has better forecasting precision and faster convergence.

Abstract:Improvement of building energy efficiency, as a part of sustainable development strategy, makes great contribution to global environmental protection and energy security. Presented in this paper are: the history of energy conservation, a comprehensive overview of the technological options for building energy conservation, measures taken to improve building energy efficiency and some suggestions suitable for China.

Abstract:As VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) used in the automatic control of aeration brush can realize the best matching of oxygen demand and oxygen supply through changing the revolving velocity of aeration brush in an oxidation ditch, as a result, the energy consuming is reduced in the greatest extent with guaranteed effluent water quality. At the same time, the feasibility and necessity of VVVF in the automatic control of aeration brush is proved. In this paper all ways of the control of aeration brush are introduced in the factual use. The energy saving can be achieved through the control of changing frequency in the automatic control ways of computer system.

Abstract:In terms of the theory of a transient energy balance on the finite controlled volume, in this paper, a transient three-dimensional heat transfer model for the simulation of a single vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger based on finite-difference methods is systematically proposed. The model is also compared with experimental results during the heating operation in winter. What's more,based on test data and domestic and foreign literature, the equations to determine the undisturbed ground temperature for wet and heavy soil in Chongqing are presented. These formulae are essential conditions to calculate the heat transfer model.

Abstract:Based on introducing the concept of Leveraged Buy-outs (LBO) briefly, in this paper, the basic characters of LBO are analyzed. The choice of payoff function and game process in financing game of LBO for both sides by asymmetric information dynamic game model are analyzed as well. Finally, the game equilibrium is gained and the means of some relative policies are discussed.

Abstract:In this paper,the approximation calculation method based on calculation model of earthwork formula of tetragonal prism is described. The optimization design elevation in large earthwork can be determined by this method. Through introducing a set of different design elevations, the difference between and sum of the total excavation and the total fill can be calculated. An economical analysis is carried out on the design elevation chosen with little value for both cases by numerical values comparison. The elevation with the lowest cost is taken as the optimal design elevation.

Abstract:Based on the introduction of particularity of the construction project and asymmetric information in its implementation, it shows that the project manager may have opportunism behavior, which affects the construction corporation and project manager. A principal-agent theory is applied to set up two models under different risk attitude and which proved that only if the agent were risk-neutral, the principal would get the maximum profit by leasing the project. The opportunism behavior does appear in the optimal incentive mechanism when the agent is risk-avoiding and it is harmful to the principal's benefit. The fundamental way to eliminate opportunism is enhancing the incentive intensity and enforcing outside monitoring and binding mechanism.

Abstract:In this paper, primarily, the real estate mortgage reform by the Central Bank of China is introduced. The influence of the reform on Chongqing Real estate enterprises by analyzing the problems existed in real estate development in Chongqing is expounded. To decrease the influence, the developer and the government should make efforts together. For the developers, they can find more ways to finance the projects, optimize the products supply system and strengthen the risk-resisting abilities. For the government, it should find all the ways to create a suitable external environment for the real estate market.

Abstract:After China's entry into WTO, some well-rounded foreign real estate agencies and home financial company have entered into China's real estate market. Encountered with gradually matured market, the real estate enterprises pay more attention to the issue of how to preserve the biggest profit space. In this paper, the cost management will be investigated deeply and related measures will be put forward. This paper follows the principle of standing out the emphasis and exploring deeply the essential problem. With the theory-coupled-examples method, the fundamentality of cost management in decision-making and programming design stage is studied. The object system method is used to evaluate the quality of the decision-making and using compound engineering designing principle to manage the cost. The results prove that the decision-making as well as programming design stage is the key of cost management, which should be taken seriously by China's real estate enterprises.

Abstract:This paper is focused on early warning of corporation financial crisis for the China's household electric appliance manufacturers in stock market. Firstly, using company's open-disclosed annual statements as data resource, the financial indexes system is constructed. Secondary, adopting the multivariable statistical analysis method, such as cluster, discriminate and principle component analysis, the multivariate models for the empirical study on early warning of financial crisis by making use of SPSS statistical software are set up. The corporation might discover the financial affairs crisis that shall probably arise beforehand by using the financial affairs crisis early warning system. This study and analysis may serve as reference for domestic industries and enterprises.

Abstract:In this paper,the present state of application and research of sludge thickening technology in municipal wastewater treatment plant are summed up and the trend of development of sludge thickening technology is pointed out.

Abstract:The reasons for multiple contributions with one manuscript are analyzed: the psychology of the authors for extensive cultivation and eager for quick success and instant benefit, delay of manuscript handling by editorial department and unclear or without regulation on call for papers. In this paper, some means and countermeasures for handling with multiple contributions with one manuscript are suggested, such as regular announcement in newspapers or journals about call for paper, timely handling with the manuscripts and strengthen the connection between editorial departments.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of the status of building construction in China, the development of Assembled Structure System (ASS) can solve not only the problems in construction, but also is the key for realization of building industrialization. On the basis of technique innovations, a study on the structural performance, construction method and precast production of ASS should be carried out to inherit the old one and overcome its demerits. The process reengineering should be done in the construction enterprise to promote the development of building industrialization.

Abstract:The increase of requests often results in performance degradation of the web server cluster. The quality of service (QoS) expected by users can't be guaranteed. This is the problem that service-level web server cluster must cope with. In this paper, two strategies are proposed including classification of the user requests and request admission control, the different quality of service can be reached and the QoS of service-level users is guaranteed. The simulation experiments proved, the load balance of the system is improved and average response time of the system is decreased.