WU Shu - guang , ZHANG Yong - xing , LIU Xin - rong
2007, 29(1):1. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.001
Abstract:高切坡治理方案中桩锚支挡结构体系较重力式挡土墙有着受力合理、经济等优点,但由于施工不当容易发生工程事故,因此应重视桩锚支挡结构施工力学分析。结合三峡库区某污水处理厂环境边坡施工过程中出现倒塌工程事故实例,基于施工力学分析方法,对比分析了桩锚支挡结构在设计和实际施工中的受力状态,提出挡墙失稳机理是由于未按设计要求严格采用逆作法施工,改变了支挡结构的受力状态,超过了结构承载能力,从而导致顶部锚杆被拉断,竖桩发生剪切破坏;并探讨了桩锚支挡结构体系施工要点与施工力学分析方法,提出了失事边坡处理方案。
LIN Yong , ZHOU Zhi- ruing , LI Xiao- hong , LU Yi- yu
2007, 29(1):5-9. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.002
Abstract:Acid titration was performed to probe the acid buffering capacity of four types of typical soils from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.The acid buffering capacity of soil was also applied to calculate the critical load for acid rain.The results indicated that the higher the pH value and CEC content of the soil,the greater the basic ions and acid buffering capacity of the soil would be.The critical load for acid rain was obviously different for four types of typical soils from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.The order of the critical load for acid rain was red-brown purplish soil>red purplish soil>grey-brown purplish soil>yellow soil.The sensitivity of red-brown purplish soil to acid was much less than that of other three soils.
SONG Qiang - hui , LIU Dong - sheng , LIU Shan- wen
2007, 29(1):10-14. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.003
Abstract:Based on the data from in-situ 102 rock-socketed test piles in Chongqing in recent 10 years and utilizing the limit state equation of the dimensionless random variables,the reliability analysis of the bearing capacity of rock-socketed single pile is made and the scope of the target reliability of rock-socketed piles in Chongqing is calculated with both JC method and Monte-Carlo method respectively.Furthermore,the target index of reliability is suggested.Finally,the concept of reliability coefficient(to replace the load partial factor and the resistance partial factor) is given and the bearing capacity of the single pile is determined by utilizing optimization method.Besides,the practical limit state design equation using reliability coefficient is put forward for its advantage of incarnating the simple and practical principle and being easy mastered and understood by the designers.
2007, 29(1):15. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.004
Abstract:Aiming at local adjustments of regulatory detailed plan which occur constantly today,based on the methods of demonstration and comparison,this paper analyzes the concept on local adjustment of regulatory detailed plan,then presents its distincuion from the regulatory detailed plan's constituting,amending,and conflating.!Some principles on the innovation of the implement to local adjustment of regulatory detailed plan are proposed,such as discriminative-disposal,whole-controlling,open-administrating and traced responsibilities.
KUANG Wen - hui , ZHANG Shu - wen , ZHANG Yang - zhen
2007, 29(1):18-21. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.005
Abstract:基于知识规则的遥感影像分类方法以及空间网格技术(GRID)通过建立网格内城市建筑用地面积所含的阴影面积比例与容积率的关系,计算每个网格的建筑容积率,进而估算城市不同土地利用类型的建筑面积。结果表明:长春市2003年城市建筑总面积为135.98 km2;用地类型平均容积率为商业用地〉公共建筑用地〉居住用地〉工业用地。基于知识规则的遥感分类方法以及空间网格技术(GRID)应用于建筑容积率估算不仅可以提高建筑容积率估算精度,而且进一步可以估算不同城市用地类型的建筑面积。
YAN Jin - hua , ZHANG Xing - guo , LI Hui - min , YANG Mao - sheng
2007, 29(1):22-25. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.006
Abstract:The best chance to extinguish the fire in commercial buildings is at the initial stage of a fire.For the problems during extinguishments at the initial stage of fire,a fire extinguishment system model at initial stage of fire in commercial buildings is designed.The fire data come from the fire cases in Chinese commercial buildings.The expected value and Variance of probability of basic events are calculated by using Bayesian statistical analysis method,which has overcome the difficulty from inefficient fire datum and obtaining repeated fire experience.Then the failure probability of extinguishments system at initial stage of fire is concluded from fault tree analysis and the error propagation analysis of fault tree is made.A systematic strategic decision has been made finally.
2007, 29(1):26-30. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.007
Abstract:Significant changes have taken place within the contemporary architecture since the 20th century: firstly the architecture turns from "thing" to "nothing",secondly the experience of architecture turns from logic to essence intuition,and thirdly the architecture turns from noun to verb,from which we find in surprise the sparks of the Chinese traditional thought which criticizes all the ready-made,especially the conceptual thought with its happening and generation,and shows a new non-subject-object-dimidiate,non-logical and fundamentally non-metaphysical perspective in theory.This made it possible for us to reconsider and reinterpret the contemporary architecture from a more original new perspective.
2007, 29(1):31-35. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.008
Abstract:With the acceleration of urbanization,our cities become hotter and hotter.A good control on the heat environment of buildings is useful to improve people's living standard.Considering the phenomenon of "urban heat island",this paper analyzed the influence of a building on other buildings and its surrounding environment due to its form,allocation and thermal character of building materials from the angle of heat reflection,and brought up a proposal to resolve this problem.It opens a new way to improve the thermal environment of a city.
2007, 29(1):36. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.009
Abstract:Directed by the National Housing policy,the housing construction is developing rapidly.With the living conditions improving accordingly,people's demand on the housing is not only in quality,the pursuit in housing's culture and spirit nature is becoming the main goal.So,it is the most important goal to meet the needs of the consumers' pursuit in the housing's culture and spirit.This paper makes the overall analyses and summaries on the Chinese housing's culture development,makes a sketch of the key theory and practice,and puts forward the direction of Chinese housing's culture according to national conditions and foreign advanced technology and theory for housing.It is hoped that this paper can provide some helpful information to Chinese housing construction and design.
MA Yue - feng , ZHANG Qing - shun
2007, 29(1):45. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.011
Abstract:Gate is one of the building elements and has important function in the system of Chinese classical buildings. For one thing, the gate has turned from a building component into a single structure, and becomes the key part of space construction in the traditional courtyard buildings; for the another, the gate has not only practical and commemorative function, but also shows off the rigorous hierarchy, and becomes the symbol of the confucian feudal ethic. Through the analysis of their function, form and symbol, memorial meaning as well as the component relationship between gate and plan, gate and elevation, we can show up its profound connotation of social ethics and architectural aesthetics, and offer reference to architectural creation.
2007, 29(1):49-51. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.012
Abstract:How to ascertain the sliding surface and the factor of safety(FS) is the key problem of slope stability.The failure model of a slope is supposed at first and then the sliding surface and the factor of safety are computed approximately during analyzing the slope stability all over the world.However,the hypothesis cannot reflect the real state of slope sliding.In this paper,the critical failure surface with the lowest value of FS is computed and the better result is got by means of GA.
2007, 29(1):52-55. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.013
Abstract:More than 400 tests for the complete-process analysis considering geometry nonlinearity and material nonlinearity of Schwedler single-layer latticed domes with various geometries have been carried out and the critical load is obtained.The effect of initial imperfection,asymmetric load distribution,especially the effect of material nonlinearity on the stability behavior of this kind of domes is considered,and the rule about the elasto-plastic stability behavior is concluded.Based on the work introduced in present paper,people can get useful information for engineering design or theoretical study.And some conclusions could be drawn:(1)To ensure security of the dome,the critical load of the dome must be confirmed by the complete-process analysis considering geometry nonlinearity and material nonlinearity;(2) Schwedler single-layer latticed domes belongs to structure of imperfection sensitivity;(3) The critical load of the dome is affected a little by the asymmetric load distribution;(4)The effect of change of supporting condition on the critical load of the dome should be considered properly in engineering design.
CHANG Shi -feng , DU Xin- xi , ZHANG Shen
2007, 29(1):56-60. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.014
Abstract:A vast amount of information data must be input before finite element analysis of steel frames, such as node information, element information and load information. It is necessary to develop a computer aided design system with 3D interactive function. A CAD system for steel frame based on object ARX is developed with AutoCAD API and the Object -oriented technique. In this paper, some key programming technologies is studied, including design of structures, identification of floor system, also, it has presented the relevant implementing code.
SHEN Pu- sheng , LIU Yang , MENG Huan- ling
2007, 29(1):61-64. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.015
Abstract:In earlier calculation models,the stiffness centers in frame-shear wall structures have been located by the structural torsion stiffness.However,the results are illogical owing to the difference between the distortion character and the shears distribute mechanism of the frames and shear walls.In this paper,a new formula for calculating story stiffness is introduced,which can consider the stiffness of the frames and shear walls at the same time.The structural stiffness centers,the torsion eccentric distances and torsion effect are calculated,and the stiffness of elements is considered also.It is shown that the concept of the presented stiffness model is clear and the results are reasonable,which can be used to calculate the appreciative torsion effect.
LI Zhen - feng , WANG Bing - gang , GUO Xiang - yun
2007, 29(1):65-69. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.016
Abstract:Based on the established cross-anisotropic layered elastic theory,the effect of inverted asphalt pavement structure by granular cross-anisotropy is analyzed.The result shows that,with the decrease of granular horizontal elastic modulus,the pavement surface deflection and tensile strain at bottom of AC are increased,but the tensile stress at bottom of semi-rigid base and compressive strain at top of subgrade are decreased.The thickness of AC has significant effect on the pavement surface deflection,tensile strain at bottom of AC and compressive strain at top of subgrade,while the granular cross-anisotropy has little effect on the critical inverted pavement responses for the thicker AC.
ZHONG Shu -sheng , SHI Shi -lun , LU Ting , JIANG Fan
2007, 29(1):70-74. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.017
Abstract:According to the pseudo static tests on two specimens of Transfer floor from inclined column to framed short-leg shear wall,which are subjected to the vertical loads and the horizontal cyclic loads,in this paper the stress distributions,final failure model of the specimens,paths of the load transfer and the mechanical behaviors of the transfer beam are studied in detail,the ductility and energy dissipation of the specimens are also specially studied.The results show that this kind of transfer structure can have good seismic behaviors.
YAN Wei , LIN Xian , ZHOU Chao- zhang
2007, 29(1):75-77. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.018
Abstract:围岩稳定性受众多因素制约,其分类属于非确定性决策问题。本文将风险评价理论及信息论中的熵和熵权的概念应用于地下工程的风险评价中,提出了围岩稳定性的风险评价分级方法。根据岩体力学现有的研究资料和国家规范,建立了影响围岩稳定性的因素指标体系,确定了各因素指标在不同稳定性下对应的标准数和规格化数,提出了熵度量法围岩稳定性安全评价结果R对应的分级表,以实现对围岩安全性的综合评价。最后利用实际工程数据对此方法进行了分析映证。
DENG Rong - sen , WANG Zuo - liang , WANG Tao
2007, 29(1):78. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.019
Abstract:The engineering design of sewage treatment plant for the Chongqing city, P. R. China is analyzed in this paper. Considering the situation of China and other projects, the characteristics of falling water reactor for the environment protection project and economy of investment is introduced ; the application and foreground of falling water aeration in the process of sewage treatment is discussed, such as Oxidation - ditch, SBR, and so on. The conclusion indicated that the falling water aeration can be designed and used as an independent aeration, and, it is an upgraded technology of sewage treatment which is adaptive for city water environment control in middle and small towns in China. The falling water aeration may reduce running cost of the sewage treatment plant, is adaptive for foothill and the mountainous areas, and reduces project investment and environments damage.
2007, 29(1):81-84. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.020
Abstract:Through the test on activated sludge in SBR reactor,the influence of DO on nitrification is studied.First,through a 195d continuous test,to maintain the DO concentration of nitrifying system at a low level,if the DO is in range between 0.2 mg/l(start) ~0.6 mg/l(end) there will be high NH+4-N reduction and the nitrification ratio will reach 50~90%;Second,according to the regularity of DO in a cycle,12h as a react time is proper.If the react time of 16h is taken,it will be a traditional nitrification.At last,through bottle reactors,it can be concluded that when the DO concentration of system rise,NH+4-N the reduction ratio will rise too,but the nitrification ratio will drop,the NH+4-N reduces and the nitrification ratio can be calculated from a formula.
2007, 29(1):85-88. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.021
Abstract:Aimins at the state that present central air- conditioning systems performance in high ineffective energy consumption, this paper studies the reasons of ineffective energy consumption and the key technique to solove the problem. A set of energe saving device for central air - conditioning systems is developed. A system dynamical mathematical model is established in theory, and an optimal performance pattern is fired. The central air - conditioning system can work in the optimal pattern with effective comfortability and saving energy by using. The device may save power rate to 22.6% by survey and may have broad market prospect in the southern area.
YUAN Feng - dong , YOU Shi - jun
2007, 29(1):89-92121. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.022
Abstract:To provide gist of air distribution design for subway island-platform and appraise the blue print of air distribution design,a three-dimension model of typical island-platform was constructed.Then it got an appropriate temperature difference for the supply air to optimize the air conditioning system design for subway island-platform.The physical model was set up with standard turbulence.Based on factual heat and wet load,a boundary condition for the simulation was analyzed.The air flow of subway island-platform was simulated with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).The Simulated temperature fields were the same as the tested temperature fields.Then the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation can simulate and forecast subway island-platform temperature fields accurately with standard model.Thus it can provide gist for air-conditional system design of subway island-platform.
FAN Ya - ming , LI Xing - you , FU Xiang - zhao
2007, 29(1):93-95100. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.023
Abstract:This paper describes the annual energy consumption and economic assessment of air-source heat pump(ASHP) and ground-source heat pump(GSHP),based on hourly building load of typical house in Fuzhou.Analysis results show that the energy consumption of GSHP is 15% less than that of ASHP through all year,where there is 13% less in summer and 20% less in winter.Although the seasonal energy efficiency ratio of GSHP in Fuzhou is higher than that of ASHP,it has no obvious effect on the energy efficiency as it is in the hot summer and cold winter zone.In comparison with ASHP,the GSHP is not cost-effective.
HOU Xue - liang , HE Quan - long , JIN Wei - xing
2007, 29(1):96-100. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.024
Abstract:The conflict events that occurred in construction engineering project(CEP) often bring about a lot of adverse affection on project implementation,and show a random character.In order to find out the representing rule of conflict events in CEP,on the basis of investigation,in this paper the representing degree of conflict events in every stage is described with a new concept,i.e.the representing intensity,by combining the quantitative analysis with the qualitative analysis.Then,according to AHP,every stage's judgment matrixes of conflict events are set up,their affection on the whole construction projects from the cumulative results of conflict events in each stage have been analyzed with Latent roots of these matrixes,and the outcome is satisfactory according to the result of consistency test.At last,the distribution of conflict events during the life cycle of CEP has also been described by statistics data of the investigation.The research has obvious theoretic and practical value for forecasting conflict events,mastering the whole project situation,avoiding and reducing conflict events,and improving project management level.
2007, 29(1):101-105. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.025
Abstract:In order to know how and why the land values changed inside the city,the land-value patterns of Beijing during the period from 1998 to 2005 were studied based on Kriging and GIS Method.The land-value data of Beijing had a second order trend,so the Ordinary Kriging(OK) method was used after removing the trend surface.The results showed that there was a positive relationship between land-value and ring roads.The patterns of land values were clearly affected by the eradiating function of the city centre,and there was no independent sub-centre formed.In addition to the impact of city center,the main reasons for the land value increase were the influence of city planning,the expected appreciation,and improvement of infrastructure and transportation.In the process of suburbanization of Beijing,the land values showed a significant growth pattern from the near suburban to the city centre,which caused by the restraint of land resources.
2007, 29(1):106-109. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.026
Abstract:The population proportion index is usually introduced to measure the level of urbanization, which is an important index to the national economy. The fast development of urbanization would inevitably cause the increase of the investment in real estate industry. Introducing the Granger Test of Causality analytical method, in this paper the relationship between the level of urbanization and the investment in real estate industry from 1986 to 2003 in China is analyzed. It reveals that both of them are on the stage of constant up - rising, and the correlation index of 0. 205 shows that the relationship between them is a mutual promoting causality.
2007, 29(1):110-113. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.027
Abstract:Investment on construction projects has become an important factor in improving the development of economy in China.The non-price bottom bidding is a representation that the investment on projects is becoming standardized.During the years of trying out the non-price bottom bidding,the colluding in bidding or bidding below the cost has happened several times,which have damaged the benefits of owners.To solve theses problems,this paper firstly studies the reason of these problems-the failure in the normal relationship between principal and agent.Then,some measures have been presented as follows: building systematic and scientific system of qualification prejudication,judging behaviors of colluding in bidding and bidding below the cost with reason and providing a surety mechanism of the project.The authors hope that these measures are beneficial to non-price bottom bidding.
HAN Guo - bo , YU Xiao - dong , MA Jing - hua
2007, 29(1):114-116. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.028
Abstract:With incessant development of Chinese real estate market, the amount and size of real estate corporations are enlarging rapidly and the real estate corporation investment goal is tending to become divertive. So it is especially important to understand rightly the investment goal of the real estate corporations. This paper analyzes the unbalance phenomena of real estate corporation investment under the environment of high profit margin and discusses the serious aftereffect from this unbalance. Finally this paper brings forward the right order of investment goals for the real estate corporations in order to contribute to a nicer performance of real estate corporations in establishing sustainable development stratagem.
WANG Feng - xiang , LONG Teng - mi , GUO Jin - song
2007, 29(1):117-121. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.029
Abstract:In this paper,the concept,types and mechanism of activated sludge bulking were introduced.The factors affecting the sludge bulking were discussed from the aspects of wastewater quality,such as wastewater with high content of carbon hydrate,decayed wastewater,wastewater with toxic substance,wastewater with unbalanced content of N and P and wastewater with low pH value;the environment conditions such as flowing state of the flow,operation manner,variation of water quality and other factors(pH,temperature,nutrition) etc.And also,the emergency controlling,environment controlling and process operating controlling methods are put forward for controlling activated sludge bulking.
YU Fan - jing , CAO Da - fu , LI Zong - qi
2007, 29(1):122-125. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.01.030
Abstract:The research result shows that the corrosion of reinforcement is one of the dominating factor for decreasing the durability of reinforced concrete structures. In this paper, the significance of the research of corroded reinforced concrete is presented, and an attempt is made to integrate the latest development with regard to the mechanical behaviors of reinforcement corrosion, the damage of concrete due to corroded bars, bond relationship between corroded bars and concrete, as well as the load capacity of corroded reinforced concrete flexural member and compressive member and the seismic behavior of corroded reinforced concrete element. And the trend of its development in future is discussed as well.
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