Abstract:At present 18 wastewater treatment plants operateing in the Small towns of Three Gorge Areas of Chongqing Municipality, producing 132.95 tons surplus sludge everyday. As regards to the disposition of such numerous surplus sludge, the major disposition technique in these wastewater water treatment plants, i. e. , thickening and mechanical dewatering technique followed by feeding into the municipal solid waste landfill, seems to have a rather bad effect on the normal operation of the municipal solid waste landfill, due to the unstabilized sludge resulted from this technique of the sludge disposition and high moisture in the sludge, which is higher than 80%. This paper has paid some attention to this phenomenon. With respect to the small towns having the the municipal solid waste landfill, the techniques of mechanical dewatering, calcareousness stabilized etc. before feeding into the municipal solid waste landfill, seem to be feasible, while the composting and comprehensive utilization of sludge is available in the small towns which have no municipal solid waste landfills.

Abstract:对沿海地区2010年、2020年两个时段的经济增长、建设用地需求进行预测与分析，提出了基准增长和高增长两种情景的城乡建设用地规模。其中高增长情景下的建设用地规模：2010年为1056．9×10^4hm^2，2020年为1153．4×10^4hm^2。1996～2004年，东部沿海地区建设用地年均增量为17．45×10^4hm^2，为了确保建设用地的最大规模不突破，需要通过盘活存量土地、加大农村宅基地整理力度，使建设用地挖潜比率2010年达到3．7％、2020年达到9．3％。最后，从保障沿海地区土地资源安全的高度，提出统筹城乡协调发展和城乡土地优化利用的具体策略。

Abstract:In order to research the potential of energy efficiency design of public building in depth, the large scale of store building in urban districts of Chongqing is chosen as the subject. On the basis of investigation into typical department store,an elementary model of department store has been built up. In allusion to exterior wall of department store, in respect of improving heat preservation of exterior wall, four different energy efficiency conformation design projects were made out,such as using double-layer window and adding heat insulation layer to exterior wall etc. and four energy efficiency projects with the actual design of exterior wall were compared;By analyzing the thermal and economic indexes, the most effective project of the energy efficiency design of exterior wall as to store building was found out to provide reference to the energy efficiency design of large scale of public building.

Abstract:This paper takes "how to estimate the complex security of Large Convention and Exhibition Centre effectively" as the research goal.Based on analyzing the difficulties,target system,technical constitution,probing into the architecture,safety science,and using for reference the mathematics,operational research,statistics and modern system theory and method,trying to explore establishing an evaluation methodological system,which is provided with integrated characters on subject.Based on these ways,it exerts "quality to quantity" fuzzy analytical hierarchy process(FAHP) and aims at discussing the safety grade assessment of the Chongqing International Conference Exhibition Center focusing on designing theories.The aim is to enhance the integration of design practice and safe consciousness,strengthen the building safety management,and perfect city public security system.In practice,it is also an efficient tool for favoring values of architectural environmental safety.

Abstract:Disaster prevention is the main reason of building origin and its direct developing motivation.The hakka's ancestor migrated from the Yellow River drainage basin for escaping the wars and built the dwellings with the style of homeland building,which comes to the first formation of the traditional architecture.Through the understanding the nature disasters and the results of disaster prevention,the hakka changed the plan and body of the building.The traditional dwellings in their matured stage improve their life-span by application of the disasters prevention measures.

Abstract:The index system of potential evaluation of land intensive use in metropolis is put forward.RS is the primary data source in this system.Based on this system,a quantitative evaluation model of land intensive use is founded,which regards the artificial neural network(ANN) method as the subject appraisal method.This model is applied to evaluate the potential of land intensive use in Shijiazhuang.According to the result,the extensive use is predominant in residential area and commercial area,and the moderate use is most in industrial area.Therefore,the level of Land Intensive Use of residential area and commercial area is lower,and the level of Land Intensive Use of industrial area is higher.

Abstract:With the comi more and more expande ng d. of information age and the development of high education, the colleges in China are Through the survey of some new-built university dormitories in the area of Beijing and Tianjin,some reasons of the bad living environment in usage of these dormitories have been found. Furthermore,the design of space using at present is studied and the reasonable space scale of the dormitories in whole and part is suggested, aiming at offering the direction for the construction of dormitories in the future.

Abstract:The policy of public participation in urban planning was first practiced in Europe in the 1960s. After 40 years of development, the policy has become the essential step of city planning in Western countries where as is just at the elementary step in China. For the purpose of knowing the situation about the policy performing in local cities and discussing the feasibility of public participation in urban planning, several kinds of investigation have been done. From the investigation, it is found that although the public participation has already been the important step of urban planning in some city during just several years,there are still many problems. This paper shows a panorama view of this issue. Th describe the future of public participation in e authors will offer some solutions according to the problems and the urban planning.

Abstract:固结过程中孔隙压力的计算结果对于固结度及固结系数的确定均有一定的影响。目前，孔隙压力的计算还仍然采用太沙基提出的级数计算公式，对该公式分析表明，当时间因子较小时，孔隙压力的计算中会出现病态的振荡现象，针对这种病态的振荡现象，采用傅立叶变换，对该计算公式进行变换，计算结果表明，对时间因子较小时，文中提出的计算公式可有效减少太沙基提出的级数计算公式中的这种病态振荡现象，计算结果良好。

Abstract:The strain is an important parameter that reflects the bridge health status, the fiber Fabry-Perot sensor is embedded in the concrete structure as the intelligent sensing element for the bridge strain. The strain measuring system is made up of the fiber Fabry-Perot sensor,light switch,fiber strain gauge and the comput- er; it can be used to monitor automatically the bridge strain. At present,the system has been installed in the Dafosi Bridge over the Yangtze River in Chongqing. The monitoring data show that the fiber Fabry-Perot sensor has good stability and reliability; it can be used to monitor the bridge strain for a long time.

Abstract:Experimental research on flexural behavior of the different grade RC beams strengthened with ferrocement mortar through six RC beams is carried out. The matching of original component concrete to the composite mortar strength rank is studied and its influence on bending strength, the crack-resisting capacity and the bending stiffness of RC beams is analyzed. Based on plane cross-section assumption and the experimental results, the formulas of the theoretical ultimate strength capacity and stiffness are brought forward. The calculated results fit well with the experimental results, to provide a theoretical reference for actual engineering designs.

Abstract:The aims at optimization of structure with damper braces is studied in this paper. The sum of damping coefficient of all damper braces is considered as a goal function, and the storey displacements are considered as constraint conditions. The program,which introduces the non-proportional damp matrix, based on genetic algorithm and time history is used to analyze the optimization of a damper braced frame. The results are reasonable and show that the genetic algorithm is an efficient method to optimize the damper braced structure.

Abstract:Pushover analysis is a tool to study the inelastic behavior of structures under strong seismic action. The 3D-pushover analysis was performed to analyze the inelastic lateral-torsional coupled response of multistory asymmetric structures. The symmetric frame and frame-wall systems were studied in this paper, and the capability curve of the top displacement and base shear,the story drift and the position of rotation center were compared with reference to corresponding symmetric structures. The characters of inelastic response of multistory asymmetric structures were found. The conclusion provides reference for performance-based seismic design of asymmetric structures.

Abstract:In order to consider the effect of non-coincidence of torsion center and gravity center,the rectangular variable-curvature-box girder with vertical symmetrical axis is studied. Considering the influence of shear deflection and non-coincidence of torsion center and gravity center, the elastic equilibrium formulas are established. Based on deformation equations of the girder and the relations of inner forces and deformations,the flexure-torsion differential equations are developed. The equilibrium differential equations and Galerkin methods formulas for clothoid curved box girder are presented.

Abstract:Aiming at expansive soil judgment in Xiangtan-Shaoyang Expressway, the attribute recognition model based on objective weight is developed in this paper. The verification and application of this model indicate that the methodology is coherent to that of the Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades and the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method. Because the attribute recognition theory would well determine some kind of synthetic evaluation problem with fuzzy attributes and its confidence criterion is developed in terms of some evaluation sets with ordered characteristics, furthermore,this model uses objective weight as the weight of the evaluation indices, decreases the subjectivity of weight decision, and ensures the objectivity of evaluation, thus the evaluation results are much more reliable.

Abstract:为了摸清明管可靠度水平，对现行《水电站压力钢管设计规范（SD144-85）》中的明管进行了可靠度水平校准分析。考虑到管内水重服从对数正态分布，其最大值分布为极值Ⅱ型分布，分析计算了A3和16Mn钢管在不同荷载效应比时的可靠指标β；讨论了现行规范明管的可靠度水平；结果表明厂内明管可靠指标明显偏高，建议在修订规范时宜适当降低。

Abstract:As an useful perspective,the NATM has gone into many hands of the tunnel and underground structure designs and constructions.But the supporting time,which determines the tunnel's support quality,is usually determined by the engineer's experience.What's more,different engineers have different decisions on the supporting time,so the construction project quality would vary greatly.In this thesis the neuro-fuzzy inferential system was set up to gain the supporting time,which can make a good use of the experience of the engineering projects.The result suggests that this system has a good accuracy and is useful in the engineering practice.

Abstract:A tangent stiffness matrix for quadrilateral plane stress element under large rotation with small strain is proposed in this paper,The corresponding program based on this theory has been worked out;The computation of examples with analytic values has verified that the element's formulation, its program given in this paper have strong nonlinear computation ability;A nonlinear whole-course analysis of stone arch bridge has been done in this paper.The computations presented preferably a comprehensive understanding of nonlinear characteristics of stone arch bridge with small span and could be beneficial for the engineer designers.

Abstract:The passive solar house is one of the effective techniques to decrease the energy consumption of buildings. In this paper, the ventilation performance of synthetic solar house with sunshine room has been analyzed, while it is used as auxiliary ventilation in summer. The mean temperature of air in this room is calculated through the model of heat transfer of solar room, and then the auxiliary ventilation quantity is calculated. It is concluded that the capacity of auxiliary ventilation of synthetic solar house can meet the fresh air demand of common residential construction, but if there are more ventilation quantity needed the capacity of auxiliary ventilation of synthetic solar house is insufficient. The simulation calculation provides the necessary theoretical basis for the further theoretical and experimental research on synthetic solar house.

Abstract:With the quick urbanization and development of industry,the ecology and environment in cities are subjected to the extremely serious threat leaded by the more and more increasing production of sludge. In order to effectively eliminate such environmental pollution as the sludge, and promote its utilization, an advice of application of ultrasound technique in sludge treatment is put forward. Based on the present status about domestic and foreign study of ultrasonic treatment of sludge,three main advantages of ultrasound technique are concluded,such as disinfect pathogens, deodorizing, sludge stabilization improving and remarkable dewatering,increase of the nitrogen and phosphorus content in sludge for its much better utilization. In addition, the present problems needed to be solved urgently for this technique in our country are pointed out,as the directions and keys for the further study of ultrasonic treatment of sludge.

Abstract:研究了壳聚糖／PVA微粒吸附对硝基苯酚（PNP）的热力学与动力学特性，获得在其吸附最适pH为8，随吸附温度的升高，吸附量降低；通过计算不同温度下各热力学参数△G^0、△H^0和△S^0，证实该吸附为一自发的放热过程；对实验数据运用相关数学模型拟合，得出等温吸附平衡符合Langmuir与Fre-undlich模型，吸阿过程动力学更适合二级反应。

Abstract:China Ministry of Construction started a Netherlands Government's grant project named with 'Development and Demonstration of Feasible Technologies for Environmental Infrastructure in China's Western Small Cities' in 2003.And establishing a technical guide for domestic refuse disposal is one of the project components.In order to perform the project well,investigations were made into the current situation of domestic refuse disposal over selected representative small towns in Sichuan,Yunnan and Shanxi provinces which are located in western areas of China,and existing problems in design and construction,management,environmental monitoring,staff training and investment are analyzed.Some suggestions,mainly including setting up a national special fund for western domestic refuse disposal,moving toward integrated domestic refuse management system,establishing a particular technical guide of domestic refuse disposal suitable for western small cities and implementing charge system,are proposed in the end.

Abstract:Eco-environmental water demand in Taohuajiang Valley of Guilin is defined as the minimum water volume required by the valley to maintain the eco-environmental quality not to be degraded over time.By using the site survey data,the eco-environmental water demand in Taohuajiang valley is studied preliminarily.The results calculated indicate that: the out-stream eco-environmental water demand is about 14.9 million m3 per year,about 4 percent of annual runoff of the valley;and the in-stream eco-environmental water requirement is about 109.8 million m3 per year,about 30 percent of annual runoff.This study provides scientific basis for local sustainable water resources use and management as well as for eco-environmental water requirement study in similar regions in terms of Karst geological condition and climate.

Abstract:From the aspect of velocity distribution,this paper made a full analysis of the flow condition of integrated oxidation ditch with submerged propeller and training wall based on the measured data. Then, according to the research and measurement, it brought forward the proper setting position of submerged propeller and aerate rotary disk, and gave a detailed explanation of the effects of training wall on the flow condition of curve channel. Meanwhile,the suitable setting way of training wall is also put forward. All of abovementioned provided an affording theory basis and reference to the actual project design.

Abstract:With form analysis of heavy metals, the transportation experiment and theoretical analysis of heavy metals by simulated rain and acid rain showering were carried out, the effects of sludge composting on Bioavailability of heavy metals in sludge were studied. The results indicated that the ratio of the unsteady species of heavy metals in sludge is reduced after composting. The heavy metal elements in leachate of original sludge treated with acid rain had moved down to the layer of soil with the depth of 16 cm,while the content of heavy metal of treated one is lower and only a small quantity of elements had moved down to the deep layer of the soil. Both the volume and the depth of the composted sludge are lower apparently than those before composting. The experiment and theoretical analysis verified that both the transportation of heavy metals in soil and the bioactivity of heavy metals are reduced by sludge composting.

Abstract:Based on the study of image processing algorithm,the Sub-Microstructure Analysis System of Asphalt Concrete(MASAC) suitable for Windows Operating System was specially programmed.In this paper the index system of MASAC is chiefly illustrated and the functions of a part of indexes are briefly introduced.The index system is classified into 5 types,i.e.characteristics of aggregate particles,arrangement of aggregate particles,contact among aggregate particles,air voids between aggregate particles and distribution of aggregate particles.By analysis for the microstructure of asphalt concrete,it can be used to investigate the internal relationship between asphalt concrete microstructure and macro-performance,and evaluate the asphalt mixture homogeneity.

Abstract:The mathematic model using the Marsh cone flow time of subsection to mark the rheological property of alkali activated carbonates-slag grouting pastes was studied,and the corresponding relation between the test results of the Marsh cone flow time of subsection and those of the rheometer was discussed by simple computing of model.The results show that the mathematic model of rheological parameter from the Marsh cone flow time of subsection and that from the test results of the rheometer is y=ax+b.

Abstract:福塔纤维（FORTA（r）AR）是一种新型的聚合物有机纤维，它由聚丙烯纤维（Polypropylene）和芳纶纤维（Kevkar）按照质量比3：1混合而成。首先，对福塔纤维沥青混合料的拌和工艺进行了研究；其次，选择了4个福塔纤维掺量（0％、0．023％、0．045％和0．068％），并针对每个掺量分别进行了马歇尔试验，确定了不同纤维掺量下的最佳油石比；最后，在最佳油石比下对四种纤维沥青混合料进行了车辙试验，结合马歇尔试验最终确定了最佳纤维掺量。

Abstract:Firstly,the current development of the technologies for recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP) in China and abroad is introduced in this study.The theoretic evidence is supplied for the feasibility and means of the recycling technology for RAP by analyzing the aged asphalt recycling mechanism.On the basis of it,a series of recycling processes for RAP are stated in detail,including the performance assessment of RAP,mix design and construction techniques of recycling asphalt mixture.The traits and actual example of different construction techniques for RAP supplied a good consultation for its reasonable choice.All of them would play a role in the research,application and spread of the recycling technologies for RAP in China.

Abstract:Recently,many large and medium-sized real estate companies in China have attempted to construct a standard project management system regarding project culture,organization and value chain,to enhance their ability of integrating resources and effectively delivering projects.An appropriate definition of project phases is the base of standard management for these enterprises.According to the existed literature and the observation of some real estate companies,a Six-Phase(SP) approach is presented.The method standardizes real estate project in China by dividing a project life cycle into six phases.A case study shows that the six phases correspond appropriately with those suggested by the departments of four real estate companies.An industry survey by means of questionnaire has also been conducted.The respondents,most of which are the CEOs from 50 real estate companies in China,agreed that this approach is reasonable and acceptable.

Abstract:Due to lacking driving force to promote the technology innovation in China construction industry,it may be a better choice to encourage the willing of construction enterprise to undergo the technology innovation by moderate monopoly.So,firstly it is supposed that the super construction enterprise can participate in the industry competition comprehensively,then,this paper proves the possibility to determine the number of monopoly construction enterprises in terms of moderate monopoly by the output mode of enterprise.Secondly,taking the state-owned building enterprise as the main body,it is further supposed that the construction enterprise could improve the productivity by raising the R&D in terms of moderate monopoly and the R&D should be invested in each period of manufacturing,then,this paper has established the utility mode of construction technology innovation by the Lagrange function in terms of moderate monopoly.At last,the finding shows that the technology innovation utility of China construction enterprise is not significant and this conclusion is supported by the growth trend of China construction industry in 1991-2004 and the investigation of the resistance factor to China construction technology innovation.

Abstract:In this paper the features of information asymmetry and information model under the model of management by construction agency in project invested by government are analyzed, the information asymmetry in the main bodies of construction agency in the project invested by government is studied. Especially the advantages and weaknesses in information among government consignor, consuming unit and construction agency are analyzed. A dynamic model of incomplete information among government consignor, consuming unit and construction agency has been set up,a game theory analysis on the actions about the main bodies of construction agency in the project invested by government is carried out.

Abstract:As a product of work division and cooperation in construction industry,the construction supervision has contributed actively to China's construction.As the international and home situations have changed,a higher requirement has been put for China's construction supervision sector.Based on the principles of generalization and comparison this paper studies and discusses the existed problems on sustainable development of construction supervision sector in the ideological recognition,the theoretical study,the administrative system,the code building and the practical manipulation,etc.and corresponding suggestions are given on this basis.