CAO Yan-long , LI Chong-ming , Guo Jing-song , Fang Fang
2007, 29(4):1-5. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.001
Abstract:通过2000年统计资料,分析了重庆三峡库区农村生活污水、固体废弃物、化肥流失、农药流失、畜禽养殖、水土流失、城市径流等污染源对非点源污染物COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的贡献。运用RUSLE模拟计算颗粒态污染负荷并结合溶解态污染负荷,估算入库非点源污染总负荷。得出库区颗粒态N负荷(占TN的50.1%)与溶解态N负荷(占TN的49.9%)相当;颗粒态P负荷(占TP的58.0%)略大于溶解态P负荷(占TP的42.0%)。该方法给湖泊、水库等水体底质再悬浮与释放溶解态N、P的迁移研究提供了计算颗粒态污染负荷和溶解态污染负荷的简洁方法。
2007, 29(4):6. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.002
Abstract:太阳光是安全、洁净的能源,充分利用日光和天空漫射光进行建筑天然采光是节能设计的有效方式。不同的地域气候和外部环境中对建筑采光节能设计的要求差异很大,甚至出现采光节能和热工节能设计的矛盾,如果用同一种节能标准和方法进行建筑采光设计必然会造成新的资源浪费。因此,建筑节能设计应当综合考虑建筑光、热环境的影响因素,以整体设计的思维,从环境规划布局、建筑体型及采光控制到建筑反光遮阳设施设计等各方面,研究适宜不同地域气候环境的建筑采光节能设计方法。
2007, 29(4):8-11. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.003
Abstract:According to the investigations of urban barrier free facilities, there have been lots of progresses in constructions of barrier free in cities recently. But there are no systematic barrier free facilities in these cities, which would restrict the function and effect of urban barrier free facilities for the handicapped and the elder. This paper puts forward that there should be a development from the urban barrier free facilities to the urban barrier free environment. There are two parts in the barrier free environment,that is the hardy environment and soft environment. Finally,an in-series connection two-core model of barrier free environment has been designed and discussed.
2007, 29(4):12-16. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.004
Abstract:通过问卷调查和知觉矩阵分析的方式,试图对长沙市的整体城市意象进行定量研究。随后的聚类分析印证了这一结果:(1)在特殊文化遗产与古迹的知觉矩阵图中,大部分意象元素集中在第一和第三象限中,说明这些元素的保护工作处于两个极端(或者具有强烈的意象作用,或者市民们基本上不知道它们的存在)。(2)整体水域的品质偏低,说明水域整治急待加强,对于重要度颇高的湘江和橘子洲头更是如此。(3)城市地标的情况同特殊文化遗产与古迹的情况相似,说明大量标志物的意象品质有待提高。最后,对处于各个象限的意象元素分别提出了相应的整治对策。
2007, 29(4):22-26. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.006
Abstract:Complex science is a new science flourishing in 70s of the 20th century. It is a huge integration of Natural and Social Sciences and is also a huge storm in the Thinking Science. Compared with Philosophy, Technique and Art, the Architecture lags behind them. But it is not the reason that the architects need not care about and absorb the mind of other reign. The architects can recognize the world in a systematic and comprehensive way from exercising their mind by learning complex science. The self-organization-critical theory and fractal-geometry in complex science is close and related to topography, city planning, space and shape of building. The revolution of design will be raised by artificial-intelligence; therefore, there will be a better future for our residential environment by our effort.
ZHANG Qing-wen , YANG Chun yu , HUANG Yan
2007, 29(4):27. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.007
Abstract:The city landscape lighting is an important strategy for cities to upgrade their fame and promote the development of traveling economy. The special regional character and space form of montane city along the river offer favorable conditions to create the lighting styles of landscape-garden mode,while it also brings new chlenge to landscape lighting designers. This paper discussed the concept of landscape lighting design in the regional and humanistic aspects, and has done the applied and academic analysis of lighting classification and light color delamination with the basic theory of photometry and colorimetry,also brought forward the new concept of the construction of three-dimensional city night view. In this paper, the scientific solution for the problems, which are often arisen in the process of landscape lighting design of montane city along the river,was put forward so to prevent the negative effect brought by the had designing vogue of rote, mimic slavishly etc. This paper centers on the green-lighting and emphasizes the combination of technology and art;it also provides the applied and theory foundation to the creation of unique styles of landscape lighting of montane city along the river.
SUN Jun-qiao , GUO Xuan-chang , ZHANG Pei-ying
2007, 29(4):31-34. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.008
Abstract:技术高度发达的21世纪,在应对全球化浪潮,彰显地域特色,抵制“千城一面”的新一轮建筑运动中,作为人性的表达,建筑流派应起到重要作用。在流派与技术此消彼涨的思辩关系上,本文通过对历时性流派理论的梳理分析,认为技术的进步才是健康流派演替发展的深层动因,其实质为一种相互依存关系,是一种技术发展与情感需求的动态平衡。并进一步通过对《北京宪章》相关理论的分析运用,认为只有根植于不同文化背景对新技术的地域化表达是未来形成流派从而彰显地域特色的主要因素。
2007, 29(4):35-38. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.009
Abstract:随着我国经济的快速发展和道路的不断延伸,城市道路景观设计成为新时期的一个新课题。本文注释了城市道路景观设计的基本概念,从城市道路的景观构成要素出发,结合我国城市道路景观设计的现状,探讨城市道路景观设计的原则,提出城市道路景观设计的步骤,讨论城市道路号观设计的具体内容:通过对道路线型、绿化植栽、交通设施、沿街建筑与道路的协调性、道路景观结点、道路景观的自然景色、人文要素、对人活动的考虑以及道路蒂观与地下因素和变动因素的分析论述,为城市道路景观设计提供具体思路和可行参考。
FU Jian-ping , LIU Xiao , BAI Shao-liang
2007, 29(4):39-43. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.010
Abstract:Based on the reversed cyclic loading tests of 21 nearly full-size interior joints in completed reinforced concrete frames,the law of bond deterioration of beam bars crossing the joint is tested and analyzed,which is influenced by the axial load ratio,shear-compression ratio,reinforced bar strength,concrete strength and the relative length of beam bars crossing the joint. By the nonlinear fitting method, the formula of the bond stress r between steel crossing interior joints and concrete under different loading step is obtained. According to the loading approach, the propositional formula of the relative length of beam bars crossing the joint hc/d is presented, which is influenced by axial load ratio, shear-compression ratio ,reinforced bar strength and concrete strength.
LI Ying-min , LIU Jian-wei , ZHENG qing , XIA Hong liu , ZHAO Teng-fei , JIANG Zheng
2007, 29(4):44. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.011
Abstract:Seven reinforced concrete Beam-Column sandwich joint specimens were tested under cyclic load. The performances of these specimens consisting of loads resistance, deflection, ductility, displacement, energy dissipation could satisfy the requirement of structures for seismic design. The phenomena that concrete in joint region was crushed by axial load or eccentric load were never observed,and final failure for a multitude of specimens occurred by shear force. Though a few of performances such as beam bar anchorage capacity were not as well as those of traditional joints ,it is feasible for sandwich joints used while establishing structures.
2007, 29(4):49-54. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.012
Abstract:从强度、刚度和稳定的关系讨论着手,在对传统稳定分析理论和方法体系的梳理中,通过对稳定问题的性质、临界力的意义、两类稳定问题的关系等问题的探讨,剖析了目前对于稳定问题认识上的不足及其带来的方法上的缺陷,建立了实用稳定分析的合理的力学逻辑层次和数学表述形式。针对影响因素复杂的结构特别是薄壁钢结构,提出新的考虑二阶效应的结构分析方法——跟进解法。文中分析了基于附加变形的等比级数假定的放大系数二阶分析法的误差来源和特点,分析同时表明,两个方法的结合是自然而有效的。
LU Yi-yan , ZHANG Hao-jun , SHI Zhi-long
2007, 29(4):55-59. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.013
Abstract:通过14根被加固钢筋混凝土梁的斜截面承载力试验,研究了碳纤维布和钢板以及两者复合加固后混凝土梁的破坏特征、受力性能和破坏机理,并对不同加固方法、剪跨比、加固片材的名义“配箍率”及粘贴锚固方式下的斜截面加固效果进行了分析。试验结果表明,碳纤维布与钢板复合加固可以大大提高混凝土梁的抗剪承载力,并使得梁的整体刚度和变形能力也得到提高;相对于碳纤维布加固,复合加固增大了梁破坏时碳纤维布的利用率;梁的剪跨比越大,其复合加固后承载力提高越明显,延性越好;对于粘贴锚固方式,U型锚固比两侧面粘贴加固效果好,45°粘贴比90°粘贴加固效果好;提高碳纤维布以及钢板的名义“配箍率”可以提高被加固梁的抗剪承载力。研究成果可为实际工程应用提供参考。
QIN Shi-hong , LIU Jian-ming , LIU Da-hai , HUANG Yuan-feng , HONG Shuo-zhao
2007, 29(4):60-65. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.014
Abstract:In order to ensure the construction quality of the massive prestressed transform beam, to prevent and control the cracking before tensioning ,the technology of casting ,methods of temperature and crack controlling are carefully analysed and theoretical calculation is carried out as well as the temperature inspection during construction ,all of which have effective results. Some prestressed construction points of transform beam are also introduced in this article, and reference advices are given at last.
HUANG Yin , CHEN Xi , CHEN Ming-zheng , WANG Zheng-lin
2007, 29(4):66-69. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.015
Abstract:The secondary moment of prestressed concrete frame is different from that of continuous beam. In this paper,the principle and calculation method of equivalent load secondary moment and axial secondary moment are discussed,and the infection of secondary moment in moment modulation is analyzed,together with the suggestions of moment modulation for prestressed concrete frame with adopting the total control. The suggestions would be able to distinguish the advantageous and disadvantageous effect of secondary moment. Some helpful advises for moment modulation design are given in this paper.
ZHOU Shui-xing , CHEN Shan-lin
2007, 29(4):70. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.016
Abstract:There were often happened cases for beam elements with initial stress or initial strain while the geometrically nonlinear analysis was performed for the plane structure. The deduction of stiffness matrices was awfully difficult because the nonlinear stiffness matrices included node displacement vectors and extensive matrix operations. Based on the nonlinear geometric equation of plane beam element and general elastic relationship of stress-strain including initial stress and initial strain,the tangent stiffness matrix was derived. All explicit formula of stiffness matrices including initial stress and strain item have been developed by use of the MATLAB Mathematical Tools. The results are of great significance to the nonlinear finite element programming for plane beam elements.
LI Ke-gang , XU Jiang , LI Shu-chun , TAO Yun-qi
2007, 29(4):75-78. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.017
Abstract:The stability of rock-mass slopes is a very complicated system which is controlled by lots of factors. It is always a very important research subject to evaluate the slope stability reasonably through some evaluation methods. Based on matter-element theory and dependent function,the extension theory is applied to evaluate the stability of rock mass slope,and the extension method for the stability of rock mass slopes is proposed. Taking a real slope project for example,based on the reasonable selection of evaluation factors of slope stability,an extension model for evaluation of slope stability is built,whose result is contrasted with the fuzzy evaluating one. As a result, it is practical and feasible to apply the extension method to estimate the rock slope stability.
DONG Ze-jiao , CAO Li-ping , TAN Yi-qiu
2007, 29(4):79. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.018
Abstract:水-荷载的耦合作用是沥青路面早期损坏的主要原因之一。首先基于饱和多孔介质理论,建立饱水沥青路面动力响应分析的三维有限元模型,并给出了荷载作用形式、边界条件和材料参数;而后对比分析了动态荷载作用下,饱水沥青路面和无水沥青路面的竖向位移、竖向应力、剪应力和孔隙水压力的空间分布情况。结果表明,与无水状态相比,饱和状态下沥青路面的应力场和位移场都发生了变化,且出现了较大的孔隙水压力的正负逆转,这种孔隙水压力的反复作用将导致集料和沥青粘结的破坏。
LIU Zong-fa , YAN Zhi-tao , WANG Yan-sheng , LI Zuo-liang
2007, 29(4):83-86. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.019
Abstract:采用改进的自适应遗传算法来解决单层球面网壳结构构件截面优化问题,并采用VC++语言编写了相应的自适应遗传算法和有限元计算程序,可以实现单层球面网壳结构的自动优化设计。设计了不同类型、跨度和矢跨比的网壳优化算例;并通过对按照现行相关规范优化设计的单层球面网壳和符合现行相关规范要求但未经优化设计的单层球面网壳用ANSYS软件进行考虑几何非线性的屈曲分析,分别确定其屈曲荷载与设计荷载之比,以比较它们的受力和安全性能。结果表明采用自适应遗传算法进行离散变量的网壳结构截面优化设计容易收敛,优化效果良好。如果综合考虑经济和安全因素,设计网壳时,其矢跨比取1/6~1/5比较合适。
2007, 29(4):87-89. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.020
Abstract:In this paper,on basis of Mises yield condition, the plastic limit load of annular plate with simply support under uniformly distributing load is evaluated. Because of the nonlinearity of the Mises yield condition, the weighted residual method is employed to gain the results. A simple formula for calculating the plastic limit load has been worked out. Compared with the results based on maximum moment condition,the numerical results in this paper are reasonable.
TANG Jian , DUAN Zhao-cheng , YANG Pu
2007, 29(4):90-94. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.021
Abstract:According to the code and technical regulation,an irregular RC frame with specially shaped columns has been designed,which situated at the area of fortification intensity 8. Subsequently,the nonlinear dynamic analysis has been carried out for the structure by inputting ground motions in two directions. After summing up the calculation results,this paper has examined seismic performance of the structure under the rare seismic actions and given a primary evaluation on the structure to see if it could achieve the predetermined anti-seismic aims. It indicates that the structure designed according to the codes can achieve the predetermined anti-seismic aim under the rare earthquake.
DENG You-sheng , PENG Xiao-gang , YUAN Ai-min
2007, 29(4):95-98. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.022
Abstract:针对支盘灌注单桩沉降计算问题,根据其在地基土层中的荷载应力传递机理,首先采用应力分段扩散的方法来求解地基土层附加应力,然后再按照工程上常用的分层总和法对其沉降进行计算。计算结果表明,采用本文的计算方法所得到支盘灌注单桩沉降的理论计算值与现场试验实测值比较接近,其误差为-15.61%~+12.67%。此外,本文提出的沉降计算公式不需要修正系数,意义明确,计算简便,可为支盘灌注单桩的沉降计算提供参考。
2007, 29(4):99-103. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.023
Abstract:In this paper, according to the study on a great number of experiments and data analyses, the sedimentation rule of solid particles in debris flow is set up. Three main factors that influence the particle sedimentation in debris flow were studied; the basic reasons to influence the particle sedimentation were analyzed. The particle sedimentation in debris flow could be divided into three stages,i, e. the starting stage, the quick sedimentation stage and the accumulation stage,and detailed analysis on the sedimentation process each stage was made. The liquid viscosity, particle quality and additional water pressure have an important role on the sedimentation rule of the particle in debris flow.
HE Qiang , SUN Qian , ZHAI Jun , ZHOU Jian
2007, 29(4):104-106. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.024
Abstract:The treatment technology of black water and nightsoil were reviewed in this paper. In order to referencing treatment techniques for nightsoil,more emphases were put on the progress of treatment modes,treatment processes and performances. Differences of the processes in America,Japan and some developing countries were pointed out. A new treatment technology of black water and nightsoil by the method of anaerobic-aerobic-flocculation-activated carbon was put forward.
ZHANG Zhi-qiang , DING Xiao-chuan , WEI Fu-hai , CHEN Qing
2007, 29(4):111-113139. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.026
Abstract:以丙烯酸和甲氧基聚乙二醇为主要原料,采用直接酯化法合成了聚羧酸系减水剂大分子单体(甲氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯)。探讨了丙烯酸与甲氧基聚乙二醇摩尔比、催化剂和阻聚剂的用量、反应温度及反应时间对酯化反应的影响。得出最佳合成条件:丙烯酸与甲氧基聚乙二醇摩尔比为1.5,对甲苯磺酸的用量为甲氧基聚乙二醇质量分数为3%,对苯二酚的用量为丙烯酸质量分数的1.5%,甲苯用量为反应物总量的30%。反应温度为130℃,反应时间为6h,酯化率可达96.8%。
2007, 29(4):114-117. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.027
Abstract:The effect of fiber in asphalt mixtures has attracted general concern. For study of this problem, four kinds of fibers are chosen in this test. Asphalt and modified asphalt are adopted in asphalt mixtures AC-16I. The road performance influenced by additional fiber was analyzed impersonally,i, e. the stability of asphalt concrete under high temperature condition, anti-crack ability under low temperature condition, the water resistance and fatigue performance. It was shown through the research that the optimum asphalt content, air void rate, clearance rate of the mineral powder, saturation degree, and the flow value were increased and the density was decreased after adding the fiber. The road performance, such as the stability of asphalt concrete under high temperature condition, anti-crack ability under low temperature condition, water resistance and fatigue performance, was obviously improved,and the high temperature stability and fatigue performance improved most evidently. The fiber asphalt mixture performance reached and even exceeded the modified asphalt mixture performance. The modified asphalt performance after adding fiber would be improved more greatly.
LUO Ling , PENG Jia-hui , QU Jin-dong
2007, 29(4):118-120. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.028
Abstract:采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂(SCA-1613)对聚丙烯纤维分别进行浸泡和表面接枝改性,并研究了最佳改性工艺条件;通过对开裂指数和断裂能的测试,研究了偶联剂改性对聚丙烯纤维在砂浆中的抗裂性能的影响。结果表明,与未改性纤维相比,经硅烷浸泡处理后的纤维,可明显提高水泥基材料的抗塑性开裂性能,其最佳的纤维体积掺量为0.08%,改性效果较突出。
CHEN Juan , LI Bei-xing , LU Yi-yan
2007, 29(4):121-124. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.029
Abstract:研究了不同比例的硅酸盐、硫铝酸盐水泥混合体系的凝结时间、水泥砂浆的强度性能,并对一定混合比例的OPC-SAC水泥进行了XRD、SEM和水化量热测试。结果表明,硅酸盐水泥与硫铝酸盐水泥混合,SAC中的C4A3^-S矿物与OPC中的G3S矿物在共同水化过程中有相互促进的作用,会使混合水泥水化和凝结加速;混合水泥的强度性能与两种水泥的混合比例有关。本研究可对硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥混合体系的应用提供借鉴。
WANG Wen-xiong , LI Qi-ming , LI Jin-hua , YUAN Jing-feng , LI Xian-guang
2007, 29(4):125-128. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.030
Abstract:Along with the increase in the number of large-scale construction projects, a series of negative effects concerning various interest-related parts have emerged,which urges a comprehensive and objective evaluation of construction project so as to evaluate its overall satisfaction. In this paper,an evaluation indexes system of construction project satisfaction was advanced,which consists of 19 values coming from all main interest concerning parties, including users, investors, owners, suppliers, government and organizations nearby. A BP neural network evaluation model was built which was self-adaptive, self-organizing and self-study. And this evaluation model was applied to specific project ease. The result showed that this approach can improve the reliability and effectiveness of satisfaction evaluation of the construction project.
WU Wei-wei , HOU Yan-hong , CHENG Hu
2007, 29(4):129-132. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.031
Abstract:With the progress of technology and development of the society, higher and higher uncertainty inside and outside the project makes the management facing a big challenge. From the systemic meanings of harmony, this paper discusses the philosophical status of harmony in the project management,introduces the harmonious management theory,and then points out that the harmonious management is the methodology through whole cognitive levels. It then brings forward a harmonious model of the project management. At the end,this paper explores a new research route of the modern project management at the visual angle of the harmonious management theory.
SHU Mei-ying , CAI Jian-guo , CHEN Sen-peng
2007, 29(4):133-135. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.032
Abstract:为了客观、准确地对招投标的规范化进行评判,依据《中华人民共和国招标投标法》选取公开、公平、公正和诚实信用四大指标为招投标规范化的评判特征因子。在此基础上,引入可拓学理论,建立了招投标规范化评判物元模型,给出了基于关联函数的可拓评判方法。并结合某招投标活动,实际评判了其规范化综合水平。
2007, 29(4):136-139. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.033
Abstract:随着我国房地产业的高速发展,房地产纠纷日益增多,而房地产开发商的欺诈行为是导致房地产纠纷不断增长的重要原因。首先分析房地产开发商欺诈行为的表现形式和生成原因,然后针对房地产开发商的欺诈行为提出相应的法律对策,以期加强对商品房购买者的法律保护。
PENG Xiao-hong , ZHENG Ze-gen , DING Wen-chuan , ZENG Xiao-lan
2007, 29(4):140-143. DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1674-4764.2007.04.034
Abstract:Rubbish of landfill is the resource put down at the incorrect place. In case of taking unfit measure, there will be not only the waste of available resource, but also leading to secondary pollution and losing the initial meaning of sanitary landfill. This paper discusses three usually occurred secondary pollutions in sanitary landfill,namely the water pollution,air pollution and soil pollution. Then it gives a series of advices,measures and reclamation of solid wastes. It pays more attention to the method of preventing leachate leaklng,the design and material for the impervious layer and the leachate collecting and so on. Then it introduces the technology of rubbish disposing and its new tendency in the future.
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