Abstract:绿色建筑的设计意图能否在建筑中得到落实需要实践的检验。研究首先调查了澳大利亚悉尼常年月平均温度、湿度、风向、风速等基本气候状况，在此基础上介绍了新南威尔士大学某教学办公楼所采用的自然通风、蓄热实体、自然采光和遮阳控制等以被动式为主的绿色建筑设计方法；然后对该建筑使用阶段所反映出的一些具体问题进行了回顾，并对解决这些问题的措施进行了探讨；最后提出为了实现绿色建筑设计意图，并确保达到预期设计效果，需要注意对绿色设计策略和技术在初步设计、施工图设计和交付使用等建筑活动全过程中的落实情况进行跟踪、监控和指导。

Abstract:Whether the intention of green building design can be realized in buildings needs to be verified in practice.This study firstly investigates the basic climate conditions including the monthly average temperatures,humidity,wind directions,and wind speeds in Sydney,Australia,based on which it introduces some passive design features such as natural ventilation,thermal mass,natural lighting and shading control of an educational and office building in the University of New South Wales.Then,it reviews some problems identified from the post-occupancy stage of the building and discusses the strategies to solve the problems.Finally,it suggests that to implement the design intentions and ensure the expected performance of green buildings,attentions should be paid to supervise and direct implementation of the green design strategies and techniques in the whole process(from preliminary design,working drawing design,construction,to the occupancy stage) of building practice.

Abstract:Though there is a great impact of thermal bridge in a building on its energy consumption,whether the building in hot summer and cold winter region needs an insulation against the thermal bridge is still in discussion.Through quantitative simulation study of the projects with different architectural forms in three representative cities from the hot summer and cold winter regions,the effect of the percentage of thermal bridge area and of the existence or not of insulation layer at the location of thermal bridge on the building energy consumption is analyzed.It shows that the energy conservation measures should be considered in building design for the thermal bridge location of the building in hot summer and cold winter regions.

Abstract:Taking a central air-conditioning system as an example,this paper presents the influence of indoor design temperature and relative humidity on thermal comfort and energy consumption in an office building in Guangzhou,P.R.China.The study shows that under the identical indoor thermal comfort conditions,the air-conditioning system cooling load increases with the increase of indoor temperature.Increasing the indoor temperature can not decrease energy consumption.In order to reduce the energy consumption in a central air-conditioning system meeting the required indoor thermal comfort condition,an indoor design condition with larger relative humidity and lower temperature is recommended.

Abstract:Tujia nationality is a nation which has a long history and cultural traditions.The art of folk-house in the western of Hubei province is a typical representation of its national culture.Both its external form with the inner dealings and its fit for the nature are not only the results of the perfect combination of practicality and aesthetic as well as the combination of buildings and environment,but also embody Tujia people's understanding of life and beauty.This article tries to found deep-seated cultural foundation and spirits of Tujia traditional housing by researching and analyzing its aesthetical characters on architectural form,and Absorb its essence on design for modernization.

Abstract:From the point of psychological state programming research for the main teaching district special renewing of Tsinghua University,this essay approaches how to apply the theory and method of "SD" architectural programming to the practice.As a result,an innovative conceptual design proposal has come out.This paper also illustrates that the key factor to rational design is the application of the theory and method of "SD"architectural programming.

Abstract:Different from research on a single ancient Town,this research choses 2 typical examples,which were the "organic" Ancient Town of Hongjiang located in the south mountain area,and the "regular" Ancient Town of Pingyao located in the north plain and planned under the theory of Kaogongji,and compared their city form on 2 levels,which were their material form and sociological characteristics behind.Through surveys,collecting documents,analyzing and summing up the fundamental information,it is discovered they are different in such aspects of their material form as the relation between town and natural environment,plan form of town,most important building type,building shape,relation among building units,relation between border zone and river in the vicinity,and the outer material differences originate from their different sociological characteristics including urban origins,urban functions,urban population make-up,urban developing rules,starting points and development of culture.

Abstract:Through research and analysis on residential quarters in five large core zones in the city of Chongqing,P.R.China,it is found there are higher building volumes,smaller exploiting scale,and monotonous building forms in completed residential quarters.This leads to a series of problems influencing the living environment quality,including a low green cover rate,small open spaces,short distances between buildings,and insufficient natural daylight and aeration.By analyzing the influence of high building volumes on social consciousness,economic benefits,environmental hygiene and safety,this paper brings forward some improvement measures aimed at the problems in residential quarter construction in Chongqing.

Abstract:Landslides caused substantial damage to property,which is seriously hampering social development.With the use of geographic information systems(Arcview),a risk assessment system is established in the paper.The failure probability of 3D-slope is calculated using the Monte Carlo method.The risk of life and economic losses were also calculated by the risk assessment system.By a case study,the results of the risk of life and economic losses may be crucial foundations for administrant branch.

Abstract:In this paper,through direct shear tests on 3 steel tube confined concrete column ring beam joints with shear ring,the ultimate capacity,the mechanical mechanism,the sliding of ring beam relative to steel tube and the ultimate failure mode of ring beam were analyzed.The results showed that the ultimate failure mode and the calculation of capacity of ring beam joint awaited further tests and analysis.

Abstract:A complete theoretical model for slope destabilizing mutation has been set up by studying the geomechanical model and the influences of all circumstantial factors on slope stability,and by applying nonlinear theory.This paper analyzed the influence of controlled variables in the mutation model on the slope in causing slow or fast creeping.As the limit equilibrium stability analysis method of rigid bodies has some defects in slope stability assessment,the new theory of rigidity destabilization is helpful in forming criteria for judging slope creep destabilization.This analysis explains well the underlying causes of creeping slope destabilization and proves the feasibility of studying slope creep with a mutation model.

Abstract:The response properties of displacement and stress of tunnel support structure are discussed in detail under the action of horizontal earthquake acceleration(Ya),longitudinal earthquake acceleration(Za) and horizontal-longitudinal earthquake acceleration(YZa).This discussion is based on an analysis of the surrounding rock-support structure-earthquake interaction,adoption of an ADINA nonlinear finite element and construction mechanics,and transient dynamic time domain analysis of a large cross section tunnel.Results of analysis show that:(1) Horizontal earthquake acceleration has important influence on horizontal displacement,maximum principal stress,acceleration and velocity.(2) Longitudinal earthquake acceleration has important influence on longitudinal displacement,effective stress,maximum and minimum principal stress,maximum shear stress,acceleration and velocity.(3) When Ya=0.191g and 0.440g or Za=0.141g and their combined action,the initial support of tunnel would be damaged and the local lining would have partial damage.(4) When Ya=0.440g or Za=0.326g and their combined action,the lining of tunnel would be damaged.(5) When Ya=0.880g or l Za=0.652g,the support structure of tunnel would have severe damage.

Abstract:Previous researches on shear behavior of inclined sections in reinforced concrete beams used to be carried out on a comparatively high longitudinal reinforcement ratio in the codes of various countries.However,the shear design methods based on the data obtained from these researches may have distinguished deviations.This paper studies the shear behavior on a comparatively low longitudinal reinforcement ratio.Research has indicated that different longitudinal reinforcement ratios have significant impact on the shear behavior and the development of cracks in the beams,and the shear design equation in the code applied to beams without wed reinforcement restrained maybe not safe enough.

Abstract:By adopting the energy and finite-element methods with analysis software MATLAB and ANSYS,a detailed and complete solution process for bucking of simply supported rectangular elastic plates is provided.By increasing the triangular series for the deflection function,the amendments have been made to the K values given in references.Through finite element analysis,the expression of K value is fitted out.It is ascertained that the shear stress,taken as a critical shear stress,is reasonable according to the small deflection theory under limited plate deflection.The results of two analytical methods show that the fitting curve of K values used by finite element analysis has more comprehensive practical significance.

Abstract:By four-point bending test and fatigue test,the authors studied the flexural toughness and fatigue property of semi-rigid base course of cement-stabilized macadam with and without polypropylene(PP) fiber.Some significant data about these two kinds of material have been obtained,such as the load-deflection curves,toughness index according to the standard methods of JCI and ASTM C1018-97,the fatigue lifetime under different stress levels and the fatigue lifetime regression equation.The results show that the reinforcing effect of the PP fiber is remarkable;the bending strength,ultimate deformability,JCI toughness index,ASTM C1018-97 toughness index and fatigue life of cement-stabilized macadam with PP fiber are increased by about 10%,150%,67.7%,36.1%~79.8%,and 126%~352%,respectively,when the volume fraction of PP fiber is only 0.077%.At the same time,the authors revealed the toughness improving mechanism and the anti-fatigue mechanism of the fiber in such material based on the fracture mechanics theory.

Abstract:In order to discuss the influence of stress history on the constitutive relations for soils,a series of drained conventional triaxial compression tests for normally consolidated and overconsolidated clays have been carried out.It is found through comparing the stress-strain relation curves under the different stress histories that the overconsolidated ratio is the determining factor for volumetric strain.The volumetric strain is less sensitive to consolidation pressure,however.For the shear capacity,the consolidation pressure is the determining factor,but the influence of the overconsolidated ratio can not be neglected since it determines whether there will be strain hardening or strain softening as well as the grade of strain softening.Despite that,the soil specimens will finally reach a unified critical state and approximately the same residual strength.According to the principle of interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains,the mechanism of generating two types of stress-strain relation curves for clays is explained.It is shown that the critical state is a pure process of shearing deformation in which the interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains completely disappears.The critical state is independent of the previous stress history.

Abstract:Compared with the traditional welding truss-column in shape of A, the members of the bolting top-joint are much smaller than the common welding joint. Furthermore, the members are more convenience on fabrication, transportation and installation. It should be noted that the zinc process is much easier and cheaper. In this paper, by using the finite element method, the effect of many factors to the global stiffness and the intensity of the bolting truss-column are analyzed; the factors include the column height, the root width to column height ratio, the tube thickness, etc. The results obtained are favorable references for design and optimization of the bolting

Abstract:Compared with the traditional welding truss-column in shape of A,the members of the bolting top-joint are much smaller than the common welding joint.Furthermore,the members are more convenience on fabrication,transportation and installation.It should be noted that the zinc process is much easier and cheaper.In this paper,by using the finite element method,the effect of many factors to the global stiffness and the intensity of the bolting truss-column are analyzed;the factors include the column height,the root width to column height ratio,the tube thickness,etc.The results obtained are favorable references for design and optimization of the bolting truss-column of substation.

Abstract:为了研究带缝空心钢筋混凝土结构房屋的动力特性,进行了1∶3.0模型6层结构房屋的模态试验及拟动力试验,获得了结构的周期、振型、阻尼比、动力放大系数等动力特性参数。在试验研究的基础上,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对结构模型进行了模态分析。研究结果表明,带缝空心钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构是一种介于框架结构和传统剪力墙结构之间的新型结构形式。试验结果与ANSYS模拟结果吻合较好,利用ANSYS软件进行仿真分析是测试结构动力特性的一种可靠方法。

Abstract:In recent years,more people have begun complaining about cooking exhaust pollution from restaurants in the city of Chongqing,P.R.China.Understanding cooking exhaust pollution origins and people's responses in Chongqing can provide a scientific basis for environmental protection decision-making in the city.To better understand these things,the attitudes of Chongqing inhabitants with different sex,age and residential proximity to cooking exhaust pollution and other environmental pollutants were investigated.The results show that city residents feel cooking exhaust pollution is the third most significant environmental pollution problem in Chongqing after noise and air pollution.Responses to cooking exhaust pollution vary with different sex,age and residential environment.This paper concludes by analyzing reasons for ineffective solutions to the cooking exhaust pollution problem in Chongqing and puts forward corresponding new countermeasures.

Abstract:The schemes of domestic water supply for a residential quarter of high-rise building are introduced.The energy consumptions of water supply schemes selected are compared and analyzed.The energy saving of the water supply schemes with water tank and variable velocity variable frequency pump are obtained.And demonstrated the domestic water supply system of combination the roof water tank and variable velocity variable frequency pump is good at energy saving.Furthermore,by the comparison of the investment and cost of these schemes in their lives,the best choice of domestic water supply system is gained.

Abstract:Characteristics of smoke flow and fire spread in a patio space of a high-rise building were studied to investigate their influences on fire compartment and safety evacuation. Fire development model was established and fire scenarios were designed to simulate fire and smoke spread by CFD software numerically based on concepts of fire performance-based design in a high-rise building with double patio space, whose height are 74. 65 m and 55. 95 m, respectively. Simulation results show that in all fire scenarios, performance targets for safety evacuation for people in each floor was satisfied, if smoke was extracted naturally using the patio space. Hang walls mounted in corridors around the patio space prevent smoke flowing out smoothly, shorten the coming of the risk time and increase fire danger. Using chimney effect, it is preferred to adopt natural smoke exhaust method in a high rise building with patio space.

Abstract:Characteristics of smoke flow and fire spread in a patio space of a high-rise building were studied to investigate their influences on fire compartment and safety evacuation.Fire development model was established and fire scenarios were designed to simulate fire and smoke spread by CFD software numerically based on concepts of fire performance-based design in a high-rise building with double patio space,whose height are 74.65 m and 55.95 m,respectively.Simulation results show that in all fire scenarios,performance targets for safety evacuation for people in each floor was satisfied,if smoke was extracted naturally using the patio space.Hang walls mounted in corridors around the patio space prevent smoke flowing out smoothly,shorten the coming of the risk time and increase fire danger.Using chimney effect,it is preferred to adopt natural smoke exhaust method in a high-rise building with patio space.

Abstract:介绍了采用"接触氧化 人工湿地"组合工艺处理小区污水的试验研究。组合工艺的试验运行分两个阶段:前阶段生物接触氧化池连续运行,后阶段生物接触氧化池间歇运行。试验结果表明,间歇运行的生物接触氧化池与人工湿地组合,其运行效果优与连续运行的工艺组合。组合工艺的最佳运行工况为曝气强度为4.0 m3/(m2.h),进水0.25 h,曝气2 h,沉淀1 h,排水0.25 h,此时出水水质可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级A标准,经过消毒后可以回用。同时针对不同浓度的小区污水,还可以通过调整组合工艺的运行方式以满足排放标准要求。

Abstract:目前正值我国小城镇供水事业大发展时,合理选用管材关系到小城镇供水系统的经济性和可靠性.通过分析常用给水管材的特性及适用条件,对各种供水管材的性能进行比较,塑料管具有节能效果显著、造价低、施工简便等优点.并根据我国小城镇的供水管材管径小、压力低的特点,结合小口径管材的使用情况及发展趋势,并运用价值分析法优选小口径管材,小口径管材采用PE管具有价格低、节能、耐腐蚀等优点,推荐小城镇供水管材选用PE管.

Abstract:To provide quantificational instruments of river environmental management and Gross Control Layout of the urban river,in this paper,the water quality actuality was appraised by the standard exponent means,the functional water areas were divided,and the water quality coupling models were established in subsection.Then the water environmental capacity was calculated using VC .Finally,the value of water environmental model was constituted and its capacity was approached.The quantificational gist of the water resource everlasting exploitation and society economy sustainable development in urban river region is provided.

Abstract:在运用热力学第一定律和第二定律的基础上,对吸收式变热器的理论循环进行了研究,分析了各种影响因素(冷源温度T0、余热温度T1、得热温度Th)对变热器性能的影响程度,同时建立了类似LiBr-H2O工质对的实际单效吸收式变热器性能的数学模型,并给出了该模型的数值求解方法,对吸收式变热器的性能系数影响按程度大小排列依次是冷源温度T0、余热温度T1、得热温度Th,同时LiBr溶液结晶温度和溶液热交换器换热性能的系数φ也明显地影响变热器的性能。

Abstract:室内火灾具有较高的危险性，是建筑火灾造成人员伤亡和财产重大损失的灾害之首。利用计算流体动力学（CFD）的方法，建立了室内火灾时期烟气流动的三维大涡数值模型，目的是通过对火灾烟气流动的数值模拟，为多室火灾的控制和人员救助提供理论基础。模拟结果认为，火灾及附近地区温度较高，烟流浓度较大，高温引燃其他易燃物品的可能性加大。通风与火灾的发展状态存在密切关系，通风既能降低室内温度，加快烟流及有毒有害气体的扩散速度，同时也为火灾的进一步发展提供条件。从模拟结果与实验验证可得出结论：火源功率大小及房屋的几何尺寸影响着火灾程度、温度及烟流浓度的分布和变化，数值计算的结果总体上与实测结果存在较好的一致性。

Abstract:Indoor fires are quite dangerous,claiming many casualties and resulting in great property loss.Using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),a three-dimensional large eddy simulation model of smoke flow is set up.Through the simulation of smoke flow,the theoretical basis is provided for controlling a fire in multiple rooms,thereby saving people.The results of simulation show that high temperatures and thick smoke exist near the fire,and the probability of combusting other tinder will increase.Moreover,there are close relationships between fire and ventilation.The latter can lower the average temperature and speed up the spread of smoke flow and toxic gases,providing conditions for the further development of indoor fire.Moreover,from both the simulated calculation and physical measurement,it is shown that indoor fires and their temperature distribution and smoke concentration are influenced by the fire power and the room size.The results from calculation and measurement are quite consistent.

Abstract:Through many tests and standard analysis, the effects of solution concentration and temperature on rate of concrete sulfate attack were investigated. The test results show that when solution concentration and temperature are lower than certain value, the speed of attack is accelerated with increasing concentration and temperature, however, higher temperature and concentration of solution may decrease the rate of attack. The speed of attack of sodium sulfate is faster than the one of attack of magnesium sulfate under various factors. It is suitable to adopt the coefficient of tensile as the accelerated assessing criterion for the attack of sodium sulfate. The coefficient of tensile and compressive strength should be considered together for the attack of magnesium sulfate.

Abstract:Through many tests and standard analysis,the effects of solution concentration and temperature on rate of concrete sulfate attack were investigated.The test results show that when solution concentration and temperature are lower than certain value,the speed of attack is accelerated with increasing concentration and temperature,however,higher temperature and concentration of solution may decrease the rate of attack.The speed of attack of sodium sulfate is faster than the one of attack of magnesium sulfate under various factors.It is suitable to adopt the coefficient of tensile as the accelerated assessing criterion for the attack of sodium sulfate.The coefficient of tensile and compressive strength should be considered together for the attack of magnesium sulfate.

Abstract:The Tujia people have a long history and unique cultural traditions.The folk-house art found in western Hubei Province,P.R.China,is a typical representation of Tujia culture.Its external form,inner dealings,and its fit with the nature not only are the results of a perfect combination of practicality,aesthetics,and the combination of buildings with the environment,but these traits also embody the Tujia people's understanding of life and beauty.This article tries to find the deep-seated cultural foundations and spirits of Tujia traditional housing by researching and analyzing the aesthetic characteristics of its architectural form.The article also takes in the design essence of Tujia traditional housing for use in modern construction.

Abstract:This paper describes the theory and research progress of dynamic structural damage identification technique of the last twenty years.The basic theory of dynamic structural damage identification techniques is introduced first.Next,three important aspects of damage identification are discussed: identification mechanisms,dynamic parameters,and identification algorithms.Finally,a review of the state-of-the-art and development trends in this field is presented.

Abstract:This paper introduces the structure and characteristic of an expert system based on characteristics of wastewater treatment such as time-variation,nonlinearity,complexity and uncertainty.The paper then analyzes the status of wastewater treatment systems studies and existing disadvantages of expert systems.It shows that expert systems have been applied in nearly all aspects of wastewater treatment systems in other countries,but only initial work has been done in the People's Republic of China.The authors introduce the prospects for and trends in the application and study of expert systems in wastewater treatment.