Abstract:Polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate (PFAS) was developed by Industrial Grade ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and industrial aluminum sulphate（16% Al2O3）. PFAS was used for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. The new synthetic Polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate (PFAS) with a unique spatial fold-like structure was discovered by scanning electron microscopy analysis(SEM). The treatment efficiency was evaluated by investigated sludge volume and the reduction of removal rate of COD and turbidity of printing and dyeing wastewater by using single factor. The results show that the removal rate of COD is achieved 83.0%, the removal rate of turbidity is achieved 95.0% and the sludge volume is 52.8 mL when the coagulant dosage is 0.3 g/L and pH is 8.5. Meanwhile, compared with the common coagulant (PFS, PAC and CPAM) in application of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment, the performance on the removal of COD and turbidity of self-make PFAS is better than those of PFS, PAC and CPAM.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different inert carrier on the formation of anaerobic granular sludge, which used swine wastewater as a cultivation of anaerobic granular sludge self-made reactor flooding water. The results show that anaerobic reactor which was dosing macroporous type ion exchange resin cultivated granular sludge using 39 d and particle size was 2.50 to 3.00 mm, effluent water COD removal efficiency achieving 80%, methane-producing capacity achieving 9.75 mL CH4·（g VSS·d） -1, comparing with the anaerobic reactor which was dosing polymerization aluminum and fly ash had higher methanogenic activity, comparing with the anaerobic reactor which was not dosing any carrier shorten cultivation time about 20%~45% and granular sludge activity improved 14.00%±0.10%. Referred to Richards model found relationship of methane production and effluent water COD and established mathematical model. Analysis of experimental data and model data deviation was within 0.50%±0.01%.

Abstract:The transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sewage sludge to Phragmites australis and the distribution of PAHs in Phragmites australis were investigated in a field experiment. Tested phragmites australis were planted in a sludge drying reed bed (SDRB) with the size of 3 m×1 m×1.3 m (0.65 m media layer and 0.65 m extra height). The experiment lasted three years including two years' sludge loading and one year's resting period. Totally 8.4 meters surplus activatied sludge with 99.14% of moisture content was feed into the SDRB during loading time, and raw sludge contained 5.69 mg/kg (DW) of total PAHs. Native Phragmites australis contain higher PAHs in the stems and leaves, averaged 2.198 and 2.583 mg/kg (DW) which are 2.44 and 2.87 times of that in the roots, respectively. The results showed that Phragmites australis accumulated PAHs from sludge obviously. Lower molecular weight PAHs are the dominant contents in which of Phragmites australis. According to the experimental results in September, October and November of the second year, the PAHs contents in the roots, stems and leaves of tested Phragmites australis have the trend of increasing with plant growing time; the total PAHs in the roots, stems and leaves are averaged 7.642, 7.713 and 7.946 mg/kg (DW) in November of the third year, which are 8.5, 3.52 and 3.08 times of that in native ones, and also lower molecular weight PAHs are dominant with the percentages of 55.14%, 56.96% and 44.59%, respectively. PAHs contents in Phragmites australis are observed to be significant positive relations with their coarse fat contents and have no relationship with lipid percentages.

Abstract:The variation of heavy metal speciation during the bioleaching of sludge were carried out. By virtue of heavy metal speciation transformation pattern, the transformation mechanism of heavy metal speciation during the bioleaching could be judged indirectly. The test results show that the bioleaching process of Cu, Ni, Cd are mainly dominated by direct mechanism, the bioleaching process of Zn is mainly dominated by indirect mechanism, and bioleaching process of Cr, Pb are mainly dominated by combined mechanism, while the chemical principle between Cr and Pb are different.

Abstract:The hydrolysis efficiency of excess sludge by the two surfactants (SDS and SDBS) was investigated according to COD dissolution rate, concentrations of soluble carbohydrate and soluble protein. The results showed that the hydrolysis of excess sludge was improved by using the two surfactants. When the dosage was in low range, SCOD concentration increased significantly with dosage increasing. But the increase of SCOD was not obvious when the dosage was higher than 50 mg/g dw. SCOD concentration increased from 638.5 mg/L to 6 446.8 mg/L (SDBS) and 4 857.2 mg/L (SDS) respectively. COD dissolution rate increased from 5.8% to 37.3%(SDBS) and 30.2%(SDS) respectively. With the increase of SDS and SDBS dosage in the range of 0~150 mg/g dw, the concentrations of the soluble protein and carbohydrate increased linearly. Soluble carbohydrate increased from 3.54 mg/L to 95.56 mg/L(SDBS) and 64.20 mg/L(SDS) respectively. Soluble protein concentration increased from 11.72 mg/L to 706.30 mg/L(SDBS) and 541.08 mg/L(SDS) respectively. The concentrations of ammonia and VFA also increased with the SDS and SDBS dosage. Ammonia concentrations increased from 4.21 mg/L to 130.33 mg/L(SDBS) and 102.74 mg/L(SDS) respectively. VFA concentrations increased from 21.27 mg/L to 358.30 mg/L(SDBS) and 283.12 mg/L(SDS) respectively.

Abstract:H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 hydrogel was prepared by the sol-gel method, and then H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was prepared through the intercalation of H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 into interlayer space. The characterization of XRD, SEM and EDS showed that H3PW12O40TiO2 species were successfully immobilized on bentonite, and the layer strucure of bentonite was changed. The discrete anatase TiO2 existed on the bentonite. H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was a composite material with the different particle size and th loose structure. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange showed that the photocatalytic activity of catalyst had been better by doping H3PW12O40, and the H3PW12O40/TiO2/bentonite had a wide applicable range of pH value. Moreover, H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite had a good catalytic stability. Based on the results of characterization analysis and catalytic performance, the schematic procedure for the action mechanism of H3PW12O40TiO2/Bentonite in photocatalysis was presented.

Abstract:When the water supply network suffered earthquake damages, pipeline leaks and bursts may occur. In the period in post-earthquake emergency rescue and repair, the network is supplying water with additional outflow of damages (leaks and breaks), which result in pressure deficient. According to the frictional head loss along the break pipeline, a model with additional emitter at the endpoint of the disconnect pipeline was proposed to simulate the break, which simplifies the modeling of breaks. The pressure-dependent demand relationship was adopted in the process of pressure-deficient hydraulic simulation to avoid node negative pressure. Meanwhile a backtracking and line search procedure was utilized to control the iteration step of pipeline network nonlinear equations, which ensure the global convergence of the hydraulic simulation. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a case study.

Abstract:Gas pressure distribution in landfills is of great importance to control hazards and improve recovery of landfill gas. An one-dimensional steady-state model and its solving approach are presented for gas pressure distribution in layered waste landfills. The model can be used to investigate the gas pressure distribution of the landfill with horizontal gas collection layers having specified pressure or flux. The influences of layered properties, horizontal permeable layer under final cover and horizontal gas collection layers and bottom leachate drainage systems dually serving as gas collection layers on gas pressure distribution are investigated. The results of parameter analyses using the presented model show that the assumption that homogenizations of gas generation rate and gas permeability through a landfill considerably overestimate gas pressure in landfill; horizontal permeable layer under final cover and horizontal gas collection layers can effectively reduce gas pressure in landfills; the bottom leachate drainage systems dually serving as gas collection layers can significantly reduce the gas pressure in the lower portion of landfills. The presented model provides a useful tool in the designing of landfill gas collection systems, such as, the positions and spacing of horizontal gas collection layers and pump section.

Abstract:The compositions of odor gases in Jizhuangzi sewage treatment plant of Tianjin in the summer of 2011 and 2012 were monitored by GC-MS. Meanwhile 24 subjects (11 male, 13 female) were selected for acute exposure experiment by HOLTER. 67 kinds of odors were detected out, the concentration of odor gases emitted from grid was the highest, sulfide and oxygen-contained were major species of odor gases; the acute exposure experiment at the grid showed that blood pressure reacted normal, maximum heart rate was significantly higher than normal value, mostly in the field test period, while the HRV parameters all deviated from normal range, which indicated that malodorous gases induced the subjects' sympathetic nerve activity. According to health risks assessment of odor gases from sewage treatment plan, methylene chloride and benzene of malodorous gases in the sludge dewatering had potential risk, non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) was less than 1, within an acceptable range.

Abstract:When the salvaged cyanobacteria was dehydrated by centrifugation, the algae pulp filtrate produced. And there were a large number of algae cell sap, nitrogen, phosphorus, and algae toxin. If it is discharged into water directly, it would cause secondary pollution. The downward-flow biological aerated filter was used to treat the algae pulp filtrate, and the removal effect of COD, NH3-N, TN, TP and MC-LR was investigated. The result showed that the average removal rate of COD, NH3-N, TN, TP and MC-LR were 73.4%, 91.6%, 39.6%, 13.2% and 88.3% respectively under the condition that the hydraulic loading was for 0.40 m 3/(m 2·h). The COD and NH3-N meet standard A of the first class in “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”(GB18918-2002), and the concentration of MC-LR is lower than the limit of “Standards for Drinking Water Quality”(GB 5749-2006). The microbial species in biological aerated filter was analyzed. The dominant bacteria were Lysinibacillus, aeromonas, bacillus, acinetobacter, achromobacter, bacillus, fusiformis, and pseudomonas respectively determined by constructing phylogenetic tree. The cyanobacteria toxin degradation bacterium of T1 which was put in biological aerated filter in start-up grew well and form certain advantages.

Abstract:Ammonia oxidizing bacteria was accumualted for landfill CH4 oxidation in the mineralized refuse throguh livestock wastewater NH4 +-N incubation, which would minimize the total Greenhouse gas emission equivalent from MSW landfill. Mineralized refuse was firstly incubated by livestock wastewater NH4 +-N during the 120d operation. Mineralized refuse possessed the strong nitrification capacity with the removal rate of NH4 +-N content over 60% during the 120 d operation. After 200 mg N kg -1 was inputted, NO3 --N content produced from the 120 d incubated mineralized refuse was 2.0-time and 3.8-time more than those of the original mineralized refuse and clay soil, respectively. CH4 decrease and the net produce of CO2 can be well fitted the one- and zero-order kinetics model during the 120 h incubation (R 2>0.68), respectively. Similar as nitrogen turnover, CH4 oxidation capacity from the 120 d incubated mineralized refuse was 10.6% and 59.3% more than those of the original mineralized refuse and clay soil, respectively. Therefore, the mineralized refuse can be upgraded for the CH4 oxidation throng NH4 +-N content incubation from the livestock wastewater and the influence on CH4 oxidation by other components (including CODCr, SS and phosphate) from wastewater should be further investigated.

Abstract:16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured by GC-MS for 13 suspended particle matter samples collected from Jialing River in Chongqing in rainy season. The results showed that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 447.47 ng/g to 1 344.92 ng/g, with a mean value of 927.48 ng/g. The concentration of total PAHs in suspended particle matter showed the trend of“up-down-up-down”in spatial distribution in the 13 sampling sites. The predominant PAHs in suspended particle matter were 4 ring PAHs, which accounting for 41.87% of the tatal PAHs. The ratio analysis and principle factor analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR) indicated that the major source of PAHs was the engine combustion source, in which the proportion of gasoline combustion and diesel combustion were 37.79% and 29.97%, respectively. The ecological risk of PAHs was evaluated by the effects range median values (ERM) and the effects range low values (ERL). The results illustrated that Acy, Ace, Fl and DahA had certain ecological risks, while the ERL values of other12 PAHs in all suspended particle matter samples were lower than the ERL guideline value,namely, PAHs in Jialing River in Chongqing could not cause obvious ecological risk.

Abstract:The nitrilon wastewater was pretreated with aerobic activated sludge, suspended carrier expanded bed and anaerobic biological reactor. The results showed that the aerobic activated sludge was unfit for treating nitrilon wastewater due to its CN - toxicity and high concentration of difficult degraded organic matter. With the increase of operational time, the activity of sludge lost gradually and a lot of microbe died. The effect of suspended carrier expanded bed treating nitrilon wastewater was worse and the removal efficiency of contaminated matter was under 15%. The anaerobic biological reactor was good at treating nitrilon wastewater and the removal efficiency of contaminated matter was up to 35%. Meanwhile the wastewater quality was improved and the biochemical performance of nitrilon wastewater was enhanced, which were beneficial for advanced treatment to nitrilon wastewater by sequential biological treating processes.

Abstract:Radon is a natural radioactive noble gas that is naturally found in the ground. Exposure (excessive) to radon can pose a threat to the public health and get the public attention wordwide. Requiring the balanced mixing of radon and its daughters in indoor radon and outdoor air, a quantitative calculation model is deduced. The results showed that the indoor radon levels reach a steady value with the increases of ventilation radio and time, resulting in the balance for radon concentration indoor and outdoor air ultimately. Based on the model calculation, radon in door air has a theoretiacl value ranging between 6.35 and 40 Bq/m 3, which are in accordance with the actual measurements（6.0～50 Bq/m 3）by Tianshan Ren and Mei Wang, etc. The established quantitatively model for calculating the change of radon levels in indoor air could provide the technical support for indoor radon control and environmental assessment.

Abstract:The investigation was carried out in lab-scale sewer system focusing on hydrogen sulfide control when ferric iron ［Fe (III)］ was added. Two lab-scale gravitational sewer systems fed with synthetic domestic wastewater were operated at room temperature. Concentration of S 2- and H2S in two sewer systems was measured firstly. Then the possible reactive mechanism of ferric dosage was proposed and mass balance of those was calculated. The results showed that S 2- concentration in effluent appeared no more than 1 mg/L and hydrogen sulfide in each slot was below 40 ppm averagely in ferric addition reactor, which were lower obviously than that in the control reactor. On the other side, batch tests exhibited about 44% ferric was converted into ironic phosphate, which had no effect on restraining the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. In a word, Fe 3+ dosage could inhibit producing S 2- and releasing H2S effectively although most of the Fe 3+ was converted into ironic phosphate.

Abstract:In order to optimize design and operation, it is necessary to calculate accurately hydraulic characteristics large central air-conditioning systems. Simplified Model can not be applied to hydraulic calculation of large pipe network topological structure for its large calculation error. Taking into account the regulating characteristics of terminal branch temperature regulating valve, a direct-return chilled water system is studied, an accurate mathematical model of pipe network hydraulic characteristics has been established and a computer logic algorithm with virtual flow has been given. A direct-return pipe network with ten AHU branches is used as simulation calculation object, the pipe network supply-return water pressure difference is calculated, and also the temperature regulating valve opening and actual flow of each branch are calculated in the condition of different supply-return water pressure difference. The calculated results accord with the natural characteristics of high pressure difference unbalanced for direct-return pipe network. The calculation method can ensure calculation convergence.

Abstract:It is helpful for energy efftciency to use distributed pumps instead of valves to regulate hydraulic balance in a district heating system (DHS). A new scheme of distributed pump-system is presented based on performance comparison of hydraulic regime and power saving of single-heat-source dendritic pipeline networks with regulating valves and/or distributed pumps. Supposing that the new scheme was employed in multi-sources looped-pipe network, theoretical analysis and case study were carried out to evaluate off-design performances including hydraulic self-regulation, supply water temperature stability and power-saving potential. The results indicated that the proposed scheme would contribute to minimizing power consumption, retarding water temperature change, and would be convenient to adjust the quality and quantity independently in the looped-pipe heat supply networks.

Abstract:River water quality is one of the important conditions must be considered when river water source heat pump is used. It is also the key factor of efficiency of river water source heat pump. Based on analysis of the water quality factors which influence the river water source heat pump heat exchanger fouling, the main quality indicators and value are conformed. Using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the actual monitoring data, quality classification of river water which is the source of water source heat pump is analyzed. For the difficulty of multiple indicators which need to detect and meet the related national standard in practical engineering application, the definition of scaling potential value is put forward. As the water quality comprehensive evaluation index of water source heat pump, the scaling potential value not only can consider the influence of the main water quality parameters on water source heat pump heat exchanger fouling, but also can conveniently and quickly provide direct basis for water quality judgment and system selection in the engineering application.

Abstract:Architectural color has been analyzed from humanistic, aesthetic and other qualitative aspects rather than a scientific quantitative perspective. In order to obtain the function relation that different color temperature of daylights influence architectural color and to make architectural color design more scientific, typical daylight and correlation theories have been analyzed. Meanwhile an experiment research of daylight color temperature and color rendering properties while making typical daylights D65 and D55 as standard illuminants has been carried out. The results indicate that in sunny day the daylight color temperature changes quickly in the morning and evening, and it remains stable from sunrise to 3 hours before sunset(4300K~5300K). And there is a distinct direct proportion relation between color differences and color temperature differences of daylights, the proportional coefficient is 0.01, and the function relation is ΔE=1.0×10 -2×ΔK (3 500

Abstract:The impact of windows to wall ratio and thermodynamic performance of windows on the insulating layer thickness cannot be neglected in existent residential building energy-saving renovation because of the bigger difference of windows to wall ratio. The limited equivalent coefficient of envelope heat transfer was posed based on “Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in severe cold and cold zones”. Factors of orientation, windows to wall ratio and windows types should be comprehensively considered in building calculation model of thermal insulation thickness of external wall and envelope thermodynamic performance optimization model. These models are validated by an existing residential building in Xuzhou.

Abstract:The effection of composite binders based on alkali-activated slag on the immobilization of Sr 2+ were investigated and mechanisms were analyzed, by way of leaching test, SEM and adsorption test. Results show that the ability of the composite binders on the immobilization of Sr 2+ are influenced by the type and amount of alkalis as well as type of mineral admixtures. The effection of the composite binder on the immobilization of Sr 2+ increased with amount of alkalis increased in the range of 3.0% to 6.0% (count as Na2O equivalent). The binder used water glass as alkalis performed better effection on the immobilization of Sr 2+ than that used NaOH as alkalis. In comparison to kaolin and zeolite minerals, binders contain diatomite has best effection on the immobilization of Sr 2+. Reasons lie in that diatomite has the highest ability on the adsorption of Sr 2+ and could improve microstructure of solified substrate effectively.

Abstract:The sorption isotherms and vapor permeability of autoclaved aerated concrete are obtained with the static gravimetric method and the cup method at 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃, respectively. The approaoh to determine value of variable permeability has been discussed. Meanwhile, it has been compared with the fixed value in Thermal Design Code for Civil Building (GB 50176-93). The results show that temperature dependence of the sorption isotherms and vapor permeability of autoclaved aerated concrete is small within test temperature range. Moreover, for adsorption process in medium or whole RH range, the average permeability obtained from our method is almost the same as that in the Code. This method can be extended to other porous building materials to obtain accurate permeability throughout whole RH range for both adsorption and desorption processes.