Abstract:Indoor temperature, cooling capacity and condensation characteristic of capillary tubes for floor cooling were specially investigated with 20℃,18℃,16℃ inlet water temperature. Experiment was carried out in a bedroom in Chongqing in sunny, cloudy and overcast weather condition. The results showed that the highest indoor temperature was 27.6℃, the maximum cooling capacity were 23 W/m²,33 W/m²,32 W/m² respectively. Adverse condition of condensation was happened between 10:30 to 14:50, among which 80% area started condense from 11:00 to 13:00. Indoor air eddy area was very easy to be condensed. The dehumidifier could reduce condensation dramatically with 18℃ inlet water, but eddy area was still condensed with 16℃ inlet water, The condensation area was related to indoor air distribution, the capillary tubes should be installed avoid air eddy area.

Abstract:The building total load index of the office buildings in Harbin, Lanzhou, Chongqing and Guangzhou were assessed by the analytical hierarchy process based on the effect of single factor on the building total load index to study the synthetic effects of several factors on the total load index of the office buildings in four climate zones. The weights of varied indexes of window heat transfer coefficient, glass sunshade coefficient and window-wall ratio were determined by the analytical hierarchy process. And the consistency of the weight of index was checked ultimately. The results indicated that the importance of the three factors for the total load index of the office buildings in Harbin and Lanzhou was R > K_w > S_c, while the importance of the three factors for the total load index of the office buildings in Chongqing and Guangzhou was S_c > R > K_w. In the optimum design of building structure, the crucial factors should be controlled preferentially for a building in different climate zones.

Abstract:Different climate assessment tools' features and application scope were analyzed to solve the problem of lack of climate assessment tools in the urban master planning scale. The WRF model's application method and validity was studied in urban heat island (UHI) evaluation. According to the demand of urban master planning scale, the method to generate WRF simulation boundary conditions with high resolution urban geographic and land cover data was established. The physics schemes for WRF high resolution simulation were also clarified. A typical summer hot weather day was taken as the research background in the coastal city of Dalian, the WRF model was used to simulate the UHI effect with the resolution of 300 meters. The results showed that WRF model could reproduce the intensity, temporal and spatial variation of UHI effect. The simulation results were compared with the data of weather station and the in situ observation, their change trend was found to be consistent and the deviation was within the acceptable range.

Abstract:The soil samples collected respectively from Xi'an in Shanxi, Turpan in Xinjiang and Lhasa in Tibet were processed into three types of adobe specimens according to the same density level to study the effects of different moisture content on the thermal performance of raw soil materials and energy consumption of raw soil building. Then the thermal conductivities of these samples were tested from the vast dry to wet saturated state, and the influence regulation of changes of raw soil thermal conductivity on heating energy consumption in different moisture rate conditions was studied with methods of dynamic energy simulation and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that:There is a linear correlation between moisture content and raw soil thermal conductivity; The regional differences of influence to moisture content on raw soil building heating energy consumption were very significant; In the high humidity conditions, heating energy consumption of Xinjiang adobe building had a minimum amplitude with the addition of moisture content.

Abstract:Efficiency of building passive cooling is based on the water absorption characteristics. Illustrated by the example of porous firing clay tiles, test methods are different between national and international standards. Capillary water absorption coefficients and capillary saturated water contents of three kinds of porous face tile are measured through partial immersion method referred to the international standard. The results show that both porosity/capillary absorption coefficient and porosity/capillary saturated water content have a linear positive correlation. Water contents after 24 hours absorption are measured through integral immersion method referred to the national standard, and vacuum saturation method. The results are compared to those abtained through partial immersion. It is showed that the results of partial immersion is less than the results of integral immersion by 3.25%, and less than the results of vacuum saturation by 21.58%. The result shows that higher capillary water absorption coefficients means higher capillary saturated water contents. The corresponding kind of tile is more suitable for passive cooling. For the test method, partial immersion is more appropriate than integral immersion. Repeatability errors of all the tests are under 2.40%, showing high precisions.

Abstract:The subjective questionnaires were conducted on dressing condition and thermal sensation for more than 420 students of 10 classrooms in 4 rural primary and secondary schools in Qinghai. At the same time, the indoor and outdoor parameters were measured, such as temperature and relative humidity, air speed and globe temperature etc. The results showed that the measured and predicted thermal neutral temperature were 13.8℃ and 14.5℃, respectively. The preferred temperature was 16.2℃, and the thermal comfort temperature range accepted by 90% students was 15.8℃~18.7℃. Students had the adaptability to partial cold environment under the facts of cold climate conditions, dressing habit, psychological expectation and physical characters. Adaptive PMV model (aPMV) was proposed to predict students' mean thermal Sensation. It could provide basis for the design of indoor environment in rural primary and secondary classrooms in winter.

Abstract:Energy model is one of the most significant tool to investigate building energy saving, which has been widely used by government in energy policy evaluation. However, there are still many limitations in current research technology and methodology. Especially the interaction between energy consumption and occupant behavior in daily activities should be further discussed. Lots of the research method and conception have not been well expanded by modeling and quantizing. Agent Based Domestic Community Energy Model is proposed to develop the simulation framework of energy consumption in the stock of domestic buildings. The occupants are taken as the agent to simulate the occupant behavior factors that influence building energy-saving potential under various policy scenarios. The proposed model can associate the standard ISO-13790 for calculation the cooling and heating load, but also incorporate the interaction of agent behavior and energy use, which realize the organic combination of environment and behavior simulation. The results demonstrate that the agent behavior is one of the significant factors that influence building energy use intensity, and strengthening the guidance of occupant behavior is a scientific and effective way to achieve the goal of building energy efficiency.

Abstract:A way of thermal-humidity load distribution of direct-return chilled water system based on the suboptimal group was proposed. And the sub-optimization method of variable step size combined with the random walking was adopted. After obtaining suboptimal group of thermal-humidity load distribution in different load rate in the air-conditioning season, it would analyze random behavior and statistical law of the suboptimal group. So that the optimal control strategy and adaptability of chilled water system could be explored in constraint of complex variable. The results showed that the most overlapped ratio of the suboptimal solution of terminal numbers reached 24 percent under the four load rate, for example, 40%, 60%, 80%,100%. A correlation between random behavior of suboptimal group and strategy of heat and moisture load distribution for chilled water system was found, and the optimal solution of terminal numbers nearer cold sources had the higher overlapped ratio, better adaptability of distribution strategy, larger weight.

Abstract:The indoor environment quality of office is closely related with the work efficiency and the health of the staff. It's important to take effective control and optimization measures to ensure the comfort, low energy consumption and health requirements of the office. The relationship between the indoor environment parameters and control variables is studied by using an office as a case. And the bilinear model of the indoor environment quality is established. The results showed that the model output can better fit the actual situation by using the experimental data verification. Meanwhile, based on the predictive control, using the working condition of the summer simulation experiments, it shows the method has a smaller steady-state error and small super tonality, and is more energy efficient than the traditional control mode.

Abstract:Due to the advantages of making full use of high strength of FRP and saving the cost of premature anchorages for prestressed FRP, the technique of strengthening with prestressed near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP was considered as a potential technique for strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. The bond behavior of the NSM CFRP strip in the stress transfer length after releasing the prestress was studied. Based on the bond slip constitutive relationship obtained from experimental research, the differential equation of the bond stress at the NSM FRP-concrete interface was established. Then the analytical solution of the differential equation was acquired according to the boundary conditions, and the equations of distribution of the bond stress at the bonded interface and the tensile stress of CFRP were presented. The theoretical results were in good agreement with the test results, which indicated that the equations could be used to predict the distribution of bond stress at the NSM FRP-concrete interface after prestressing force release. Moreover, the maximum allowable pre-stress was obtained by considering no debonding at the bonded joint to be induced due to pre-tension release.

Abstract:For RC beams strengthened in shear with well-anchored FRP strips, potential key factors causing shear failure are described which would give rise to three kinds of shear failure modes. A model of artificial neural network(ANN) has been developed to predict the shear modes of failure for them. And the prediction by the ANN model agrees well with the observation from the test reports. The result showed that the proposed model is fit for predicting the shear failure modes of beams shear-strengthened with well-anchored FRP composites.

Abstract:Four interior joints with high-strength reinforcement and high-toughness concrete were investigated with low cyclic loading. Joints under different rage of high-toughness concrete and those without were compared in terms of seismic behavior indexes such as bearing capacity, deformability, hysteretic characteristics, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity. The failure patterns, bearing capacity, deformability and seismic behavior of those frame interior joints with high-toughness concrete were improved, and the offective rarge of high-toughness concrete was from core area of joint to the one time adjacent height of beam to improve deformability and stiffness degradation.

Abstract:Shrinkage distribution on the early-age in different height of high performance concrete plate component and the developing process of early-age shrinkage, temperature and humidity with age are investigated. The results showed that relative humidity is decreased and presenting two stage features with age in different height of high performance concrete plate component. At the same time, the early-age shrinkage is out-sync along different height of high performance concrete plate component, what generates surface tensile stress of plate component. When the tensile stress is larger than the tensile strength of concrete, it products surface shallow cracks in plate component. This is the same as surface cracking situations found in actual engineering. Meanwhile, by comparing the early-age shrinkage of concrete plate components and the early-age free shrinkage of the same concrete, prediction model of early-age shrinkage of plate components introducing degree of relative constraint is established, and the accuracy of the prediction model is verified. This model can predict the early-age shrinkage deformation in different height of high performance concrete plate component. This result has practical significance to control the early-age shrinkage crack of concrete bridge plate.

Abstract:The geomechanical model testing based on pile-soil interaction and structure model test of portal anti-sliding piles are conducted to study its stress mechanism. Strain gauges are pasted in internal of piles to discuss its stress features, and dial indicators are placed at key positions to analysis its displacement features. The results showed that the displacement of rear pile is larger than front pile, and the displacement of pile top is larger than the position of sliding surfaces. The stress distribution of rear pile and front pile both present the "s" distribution and the stress value of top rear pile and front pile is not null whose value increases with the growth of thrust load.

Abstract:In recent years, with the development of crossing-river tunnels and subways, there are more and more symmetric foundation pits. Based on conformal mapping, the mathematical modeling is built and the expression of seepage discharge in pensile curtain foundation pit is deduced, then calculation parameters of seepage discharge are analyzed. The results showed that the seepage discharge of symmetric foundation pit has direct ratio with permeability coefficient and the water head between the outside and inside of foundation pit. And the seepage discharge of symmetric foundation pit is in inverse correlation to the ratio of the distance between the top of relative impermeable layer to the bottom of foundation pit and the distance between pensile curtains, to the ratio of the embedded depth of pensile curtain and the distance between the top of relative impermeable layer to the bottom of foundation pit, and to the ratio of water head between the outside and inside of foundation pit and the distance between the top of relative impermeable layer to the bottom of foundation pit.

Abstract:The soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC)could be used to describe the relationship between the water content and the matrix suction in unsaturated soil and played important roles in unsaturated soil mechanics. Several parameters in fitting models and significant uncertainty of SWCC were obtained by experiment. The uncertainty of SWCC fitting parameters was analyzed using the Bayesian theory. The curve-fitting parameters were regarded as the random vectors. And the Van Genuchten model was used to fit the experimental data of SWCC for the granite residual soils. The posterior distributions of model fitting parameters were obtained by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation delayed rejection adaptive metropolis. Confidence intervals of uncertain model parameters of SWCC were obtained by proposed approach.

Abstract:The cationic polyacrylamide flocculant P(AM-MAPTAC) was prepared by polymerizing acrylamide(AM) and methacrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) under UV irradiation conditions. Determination the structural features and thermal stability of P(AM-MAPTAC) by IR and TG/DSC. The Response Surface Method was used to obtain the optimum preparation conditions:pH 4.75, initiator mass fraction 0.07%, EDTA-2Na mass fraction 0.20%, MATPAC/AM molar ratio 0.33, illumination time 60min.Under optimal conditions, the intrinsic viscosity of P(AM-MAPTAC) reached 14.72dL/g, under this condition, P(AM-MAPTAC) showed the best effect of sludge dewatering, FCMC 70%, SRF 6.94×10¹² m/kg, tubidity 9.70 NTU.

Abstract:Activated sludge model 2d (ASM2d) proposed by IAWQ was modified,and it was used to simulate wastewater treatment containing biomass flocs. Combined with the operation parameters of a double-channel DE-oxidation ditch, a calculated model was built to simulate carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus degradation processes. The results showed that it could fit the experiment data well. The removal rates of pollutant in the four phases in a cycle were also calculated. And the analyses provided an insight in the nitrification,denitrification and phosphorus removal mechanisms in such operation system,which was useful for the system diagnosis and optimization.

Abstract:The solidified sludge as a new type of liner material should be at the bottom of municipal solid waste landfill site to prevent the contamination of the pollutant leakage. The hydrodynamic dispersion test was conducted to investigate the postponing effect of solidified sludge. It was very difficult to obtain hydrodynamic dispersion parameters of sludge solidified layer with low permeability by the existing column tests and methods. The flexible wall parameter was proposed and improved to solve the problem. Because of the high concentration and strong penetrating power, fluorine ion was chosen as the typical representative. The hydrodynamic dispersion parameters could be calculated by the breakthrough curve of fluorine ion. And then, the two dimentional definite method was used to analyze the transference scope and concentration distribution of fluorine ion in solidified sludge layer and surrounding in 60 years. The situation without solidified sludge layer had a contrast with the above. The results showed that the solidified sludge layer had an important postponing effect on the transference of fluorine ion. Because positive pollutants had weaker penetrating ability than negative ones. The solidified sludge also had a strong blocking effect on the positive pollutant such as heavy metals or other positive pollutants, which could further delay the pollution of landfill leachate.

Abstract:Based on sludge specific resistance as the evaluation index, considering the sludge dehydration rate, filter cake moisture content and filtration time. To investigate the optimum condition of sludge conditioning with chitosan and diatomite, and the effect of improving sludge dewatering performance,and compared with the effect of polyacrylamide sludge conditioning. Results showed that first dose 0.5 g/g of diatomite recuperate sludge, add the 5 mg/g of chitosan with 30 r/min stirring speed to reaction in 150 s, sludge specific resistance decreased by 95.43%, dehydration rate rose to 91.02%, moisture content of sludge cake down to 83.13%, the filtering time dropped to 29.5 s.The effect of chitosan combined with diatomite recuperate sludge was significantly superior to that of independently conditioning by chitosan or diatomite, and the effect of combined conditioning improving overall performance of sludge dewatering was superior to that of polyacrylamide.