Abstract:To evaluate the design of environment safeguard and management effect of ward, the samples of three wards in Chongqing hospital were taken and the concentration of air bacterial aerosol and distribution characteristics in wards were known by bacterial culture, finding that all wards have bacterial contamination to some extent. Air bacterial aerosol concentration is positively correlated with people density and temperature, negatively correlated with humidity, little to do with the unit type. Ward air bacteria aerosol concentration in summer is higher than in winter, especially in paediatric ward, which may reach 2865 cfu·m^-3.The size distribution of bacterial aerosol has close relation with season, the high percentage of airborne bacteria concentration is centered on stageⅠto stage Ⅲ in winter and stage Ⅲ to stageⅤin summer. The median diameter of airborne bacterial in winter is bigger than summer and both of them is smaller than 4.7 μm.

Abstract:According to the technical requirements of thermal storage unit of solar ventilation shaft, A composite phase change materials were prepared and applied to the ventilation shaft, and a solar ventilation shaft experimental system using composite phase change material was established, and its operation performance was tested. The results showed that the thermal conductivity and the latent heat of the composite phase change material prepared by adding 5wt% carbon nanotubes were 0.65 W/m.K and 107 J/g respectively, and 2.03 times and 0.718 times of that before adding. And outlet air flow of the solar ventilation shaft experimental system using above material were 55~103.9 m³/h beteewn 10:00 to 21:00, and the time was in 17:00 to the both of maximum value. This provides a guarantee for the natural ventilation.

Abstract:A new composite phase change humidity material (CMPCM) was prepared, which has the functions of temperature regulation and humidity controlling. It was synthesized by composite microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) and porous humidity control material. CMPCM can effectively stabilize the indoor temperature as well as humidity fluctuations, and reduce building energy consumption as a passive energy-saving material. The MPCM was synthesized by sol-gel method with a mixture of capric acid and octadecanoic acid (PCM) as core, and SiO₂ as shell. The diatomite was selected as porous hygroscopic material. The performance of composition and structure, thermal properties, thermal stability, moisture transfer coefficient and moisture buffer value were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), positive cup evaporation method and isothermal sorption method respectively. DSC and TGA results showed that the super-cooling degree of CMPCM was lower than that of PCM, and the initial degradation temperature of CMPCM was higher than that of PCM. Moisture Transfer Characteristics Test showed that the moisture transfer coefficient and moisture buffer value of CMPCM were higher than that of classical materials.

Abstract:In order to obtain the hygric properties of typical porous paving materials for calculating heat and moisture transfer and evaluating its effect of evaporation cooling scientifically, three widely used porous paving materials, including sintered ceramic porous brick (TC), recycled aggregate concrete porous brick (ZS) and ordinary porous brick (PT) were selected, Firstly, referring to relevant standards at home and abroad, the apparent density ρ, open porosity φ and vacuum saturation moisture content w_vac of the porous bricks were tested by vacuum saturation test; the capillary water content w_cap and the water absorption coefficient A of the porous bricks were tested; the permeability coefficient k_T was tested by Darcy flow experiment. The hygric properties of porous bricks were initially established based on the error analysis of the test results. Through comparing with the test data, for water retention performance, ZS is the best, PT follows, TC is the worst; while, for water absorption performance, TC is optimal, PT follows, ZS is the minimum, showing that water retention and water absorption performance have not positively related; for permeability performance, TC is the optimal, PT follows, ZS is the weakest, on the premise of meeting the permeability, PT brick is the most conducive to the evaporation after water absorption.

Abstract:Five kinds of drainage materials were chosen such as gravel, ceramsite, glass pumice, HDPE and PVC drainage boards, to establish a simulation test bed of extensive green roof with Sedum lineare Thunb (indoor natural state). The temperature and moisture of the soil, as well as the temperature and relative humidity of the air at the bottom of soil layer by different material treatments were measured. The results showed that:The soil moisture was affected significantly by different drainage materials during the less rain season, but the difference was not significant during the rainy season. In drought month, four kinds of drainage materials with water retention performance such as ceramsite, glass pumice, HDPE and PVC drainage boards, had obvious drought resistance advantage compared to gravel treatment, and the average soil moisture was increased by about 35%. However, the size of the water retention of these four materials had no significant effect on the soil moisture among the treatments. Other than that the drainage performance of the materials had a significant effect on the soil moisture. Early after the rain, the soil moisture of the HDPE drainage board with larger water flux was significantly smaller than other material treatments. Soil temperature and soil air temperature were not affected by water retention performance of the materials. It is indicated that the changes of soil hygro-thermal environment on the extensive green roof are not completely determined by the water retention performance of the materials. Meanwhile, the extensive green roof has both heat-insulating(all year daytime) and heat-preservation(winter nighttime) effects, and its thermal performance has seasonal and intraday differences.

Abstract:Extreme heat-moisture climate area are always high temperature and rainy. In order to accurately predict the temperature and humidity distribution in the envelope, and simulate the effects of high temperature, high humidity and high solar radiation on the envelope, a coupled heat and moisture transfer model which takes the climate condition of extreme heat-moisture climate area into consideration is developed. The influence of solar radiation and rain load on heat and moisture transfer is considered in boundary conditions. And the changes of moisture content are taken into account in the material parameters. And a solution method based on computer soft,COMSOL and MATLAB,is proposed to solve the coupled heat and moisture transfer model simply. The COMSOL recommended setting is as follow:the relative tolerance is 0.001; the absolute tolerance is 0.0001; the mesh must be set to very fine. The numerical results of this model agree well with HAMSTAD benchmarks.

Abstract:The meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and solar radiation in the Dongsha Islands, Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands were analyzed and compared with the neighboring land cities (Guangzhou and Sanya). The difference of energy consumption between typical residential and office buildings at land and island reef sites were compared by DeST. The results indicated that the islands are relatively in high temperature and humidity all the year round. The annual average wind speed is higher than that of the land site. The solar radiation is mostly intense radiation. The energy consumption of islands are much higher than land sites for both residential and the office buildings.

Abstract:A new type of night heating method, known as Hot Tube Chinese Kang, is compared with wide-spread conventional heated kang as well as electric blankets in villages and towns, through contrast experiment which provides exactly same control variables in terms of building dimensions. After a comparative analysis regarding bedding temperature, indoor environment, and other aspects, the results illustrate:the electric blanket has a rapid response of heating, however, due to the poor thermal uniformity of bedding and limited heating capacity, the indoor temperature cannot be guaranteed. The response speed of heating of heated kang is faster, but the time for temperature protection of bedding is short, the adjustability is poor and the concentration of carbon dioxide exceed hot tube Chinese kang promise the bedding thermal homogeneity that comfort zone accounted for more than 80%, also generate moderate indoor environment.

Abstract:This paper focuses on the physiological adaption and subjective sensation in cold acceptable environment zone between male college students of southern and northern of China. 16 subjects of southern China and 16 subjects of northern China were selected, to test their physiological parameters including skin temperature, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood volume pulse (BVP) and electromyogram (EMG), and to ask the subjects to fill in questionnaires. The experimental results revealed that:In terms of all subjective questions, southern subjects give a better response than northern subjects; and have a higher average skin termperature and EMG value and a lower HR、LF/HF values than northern subjects; From neutral environment to cold acceptable environment zone, the experimental period of appearing the significant difference of subjective perception index differential mean and physiological response index differential mean of southern subjects are later or less than northern residents. Conclusions are:1) north subjects are more sensitive to cold environment, which are weaker to cold tolerance, have weak cold acclimation and have strong physiological regulation phenomenon; 2) Southern subjects have better tolerance to environment, which lead to result of small physiological regulation; they have a strong cold acclimation ability and their basic metabolism and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) are slightly higher than the northern.

Abstract:Based on the mass conservation equation, the calculation formula of the moisture content in the air-conditioned room without humidification in winter are deduced. Synthetically considering major influencing factors of the indoor moisture content, the criterion used to estimate the relative humidity of air-conditioned rooms without humidification in winter are established. Furthermore, the relative humidity in typical air-conditioned rooms without humidification in typical climate regions in winter is checked against the criterion. The main conclusions are as follows:the relative humidity of air-conditioned supermarket all around our country, restaurants and the multi-purpose halls of 3-star and below 3-star hotel in the "hot summer and cold winter" climatic region, movie theaters,office, the bedrooms and multi-purpose halls of hotel, restaurants in the "hot summer and warm winter" climatic region, and office, the bedrooms of 3-star and below 3 star hotel, the multi-purpose halls of hotel and restaurants in the "mild" climatic region can meet the required value without humidification. But, the relative humidity of air-conditioned movie theaters, office, the bedrooms and multi-purpose halls of hotel and the restaurants in the "cold" and "severe cold" climatic region, movie theaters, office, the bedrooms of hotels, and the multi-purpose halls of 4 star and over 4 star hotels in the "hot in summer and cold in winter", and movie theaters, the bedrooms and multi-purpose halls of 4-star and over 4-star of hotels in the "mild" climatic region can not meet the required value without humidification.

Abstract:To solve the energy diagnosed problem of boiler hot water heat supply, a energy consumption diagnosed method based on machine learning algorithm was proposed, firstly filtrating the data which has better energy-conservation performance from all data based on clustering or classification method. Then based on the regression model, the informant data had been tested has been test. though Through the four case study, these conclusion conclusions can be gained:1) The R value of model which is built by artificial neutral neural network(ANN), which was trained by Bayesian regularization method based on the data clustered by K-means algorithm was is up to the 0.976, 0.970 5, 0.921 4, 0.910 1; 2) though the test by the three data gather Model validated with 3 diagnosed datasets, the energy conservation ratio were are 10.7%, 17%, 4%, the accumulation error has been is up to the -149 498.67,-86 526,-4 052.27 kW, the effect of new model is better than before; 3) the artificial control of first heating supply is the mainly reason, which cased the high heating energy. The model based on the physical response between input and output variable, which has higher robustness in time series can be widely employed in energy consumption diagnosed of boiler hot water supply system,and by the developing of data technology, the model based on the data machine learning can supply some idea ideas for the similar system.

Abstract:In order to investigate the influence of different factors on heat transfer law around the Vertical U-Tube ground boreholes' group, three-dimensional physical and mathematical models of unsteady heat transfer were established for the soil around the vertical U-tube ground boreholes' group. The heat storage was studied on the basis of experimental verification and single U, a year was taken as the time domain, the effects of the arrangement of the underground pipe, rate of the heat storage and release and soil type on the soil temperature distribution of the Vertical U-Tube ground boreholes' group were analyzed. The results indicate that the arrangement of the underground pipes has little influence on the soil temperature around the buried pipe group when the distance of drilling is constant; The overlay area of soil temperature between drillings increases with the increase of soil thermal diffusivity when operation time is constant; The fluctuation range of soil temperature decrease with the increase of soil thermal conductivity; Heat imbalance of soil becomes serious with the decrease of the heat storage and release rate; For the region of larger heating load, it should appropriately improve rate of the heat storage and release. The soil temperature predicted by the model are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, and the maximum relative errors are 14.2%.

Abstract:By factorial experiment, the frequency of blink and rate of time of closed eyes of the measuring subjects are analyzed to judge the degree of visual fatigue when they are in different time learning with the eyes of the electrical signal under the lighting environment of a combination of different color temperature and different shades of light. The results showed that:the interaction effects of illumination, color temperature, illumination time and light intensity have significant influence on frequency of blink and the rate of change in closed eye time. Among them, the color temperature and illumination has the greatest interaction effects. With the increasing of illumination, visual fatigue decreases firstly and then rises. The optimal level of illumination is 1 000~2 000 lx, and the high illumination of over 3 000 lx should be avoided. Under the condition of 4 000 k color temperature, the blink frequency and the rate of closed eyes time are both less and the visual fatigue is relatively low. With the increase of the time of illumination, the rate of blink frequency and the time of closed eyes increase and the visual fatigue aggravates. The optimum illumination time is 0.5~1 h and should not exceed 1.5 h.

Abstract:As to the luminance environment of the museums, the day-lighting design in their exhibition spaces has been analyzed, the typical museum design factors, such as day-lighting form, and layout of displayed items have been concerned and investigated by field trips. Then, the exhibition spaces are classified into different categories whose natural day-lighting environments are simulated by the requirements of displayed items. Under varied day-lighting conditions, the daylight parameters, i.e. day-lighting factor, day-lighting uniformity, luminance distribution and discomfort glare index (DGI) are evaluated. Therefore, the favorable day-lighting form and members in the corresponding exhibition spaces will be determined. the optimization strategies which optimize the parameters of varied day-lighting forms and members are proposed. It is concluded that the day-lighting quality would be ameliorated by the implement of optimization strategies, and favorable luminance environment in the different exhibition spaces of a museum are achieved.

Abstract:The bridge structure is seriously damaged due to strong motion earthquake, and the irregular curved bridge is response more obvious. According to the above, a new seismic system of the irregular curved bridge-floating seismic system has been proposed and the basic concept was elaborated at first. Secondly, the basic mechanical model of the system was established and dynamic equation of the system was derived. Finally, a 1/20 scale curved bridge model with floating seismic system was been built and the shaking table test was conducted with different seismic waves. The results show that, peak acceleration at the top of the pier decreased to some extent compared with the top of pier after the bearings sliding, the maximum reduction rate was 65%. During the test, the relative displacement of pier beam was larger, so the design of the anti fall beam device should be focused on. After the test, there was no serious damages such as beam falling and collapse. It indicates that the seismic performance of the floating seismic system was satisfactony and it could be used for designing curved bridges in high seismic intensity areas.

Abstract:To study the seismic design method for kilometer-scale cable-stayed bridge under near-fault impulse ground motion, a finite element model was established. The typical near-fault impulse ground motion was selected, and three damping systems were designed. The elastic connection device, the fluid viscous damper and the combination device of the two were used between the towers and beams respectively. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the model was then carried out, based on which the impulse effect, the design parameters of the damping system and the damping effect were analyzed. The results show that the impulse long-period amplifies the structural response while the shear wave velocity has no effect on the structural response. In addition, the damping effect of the combination device is the best. Finally, the design flow chart for the damping system based on the target damping rate was proposed.

Abstract:In order to solve the uncertain damage problem caused by measurement noise, a damage identification method based on modal strain energy mean index(MSEMI) and cloud model is presented. First, structural modal strain energy and two kinds of damage indexes are analyzed. Considering that modal strain energy dissipation ratio index (MSEDRI) and modal strain energy equivalence index (MSEEI) are complementary, a MSEMI is proposed through the mean value method. Then, some basic theories of cloud model are introduced, and numerical characteristic estimation, cloud processing algorithm and certainty function are analyzed. Finally, the damage identification method based on MSEMI and cloud model is presented to solve the uncertain damage problem. Simulation results show that the identification results of the proposed MSEMI are better than those from both MSEDRI and MSEEI, and the damage identification method based on MSEMI and cloud model can solve the uncertain damage problem caused by measurement noise.

Abstract:Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) is a kind of novel biomineralization technique that utilizes natural bacteria isolated from farm land to generate calcite in the pore of soils or rock fracture. This technique could increase both the strength and stability of soil foundation. In this paper, Fujian standard sand was used to process a series of MICP experiments and the mechanical properties were also evaluated by static triaxial test under different confining pressures. It was found that the cohesion of sands improved by 60.1kPa after the MICP treatment. Then, Plaxis was also used to simulate the improvement of soil foundation treated by MICP technique. The improvement of both strength and stability in the embankment of expressway were measured by Shear Strength Reduction Methods. Result shows that MICP technique reinforced the mechanical property of soil foundation, and the slope stability factor was improved from 1.096 to 1.827 after treatment. The stability of expressway embankment improved significantly. Meanwhile, the ultimate slope slip surfaces moved from slope foot to slope surface.

Abstract:To study the influence of added waste glass fine aggregate on the performance of concrete column, compression static loading test was carried out on 6 reinforced normal aggregate concrete columns and 12 reinforced recycled glass fine aggregate concrete columns. Considering the replacement rate of recycled glass fine aggregate, slenderness ratio and eccentricity, the influence of different replacement rate of recycled glass aggregate on the failure modes, ultimate bearing capacity, axial displacement, cross lateral deflection, concrete strain and steel strain was analyzed. It is found that under both the eccentric compression or axial compression, the failure mechanism for reinforced recycled glass fine aggregate concrete column is similar with the normal reinforced concrete column. The ultimate bearing capacity is relatively high with 100% replacement of recycled glass fine aggregate. In addition, since it conforms to the plane section assumption, the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimens can be calculated according to the relevant domestic code. The results show that the waste glass fine aggregate can replace the general use of common sand in concrete column, without any influence on the performance.

Abstract:The characteristic of performance-based seismic design is that the structural seismic design is transformed from macroscopic goal to specific multiple objectives.At present,the national code 《Building Seismic Design Code》(GB50011) only provides the deformation index of the elastic and elastic-plastic for the whole structure,not for individual components,without quantifying the damage index.Therefore,this paper firstly carried out the reversed cyclic load tests on shear behavior for 5 T-section RC shear walls with HRB600 steel bars,and the aseismatic performance differences between high-strength bars and ordinary bars of shear wall was studied.Combined with the experimental results of shear resistance performance worldwide,the modified Park-Ang double-parameter seismic damage model is proposed,which can capture the seismic damage of shear wall under shear failure.The modified damage model can evaluate shear wall's damage degree during different loading phases. Based on the damage assessment of shear wall member,quantization indexes of different performance levels for displacement angles of RC shear wall structure were proposed.

Abstract:The formulas for the length and angle of surface crack are obtained based on the difference of propagation time of Rayleigh wave and the diffracted Longitudinal wave. Propagation rule of Rayleigh wave is analyzed in accordance with different depths and angels of surface cracks using the finite element method. The simulation results were validated calculations and the simulation accuracy is proved. Results indicatevia:1) During propagation of Rayleigh wave, a proportion propagates along the medium surface (including the crack surface); The remaining is subjected to mode conversion phenomenon, and becomes the diffracted transverse and longitudinal wave. All of the elastic waves are absorbed by the viscoelastic artificial boundary when they come to the border of the medium, which eliminates the influence of the reflected wave. 2) Calculation errors of the length and angle of surface crack are substantially below 5%. Within certain ranges, the calculation accuracy is higher as the values of lengths and the angles of the surface crack increase.

Abstract:The behavior of reinforced self compacting concrete filled circular steel tube (RCFST) columns under seismic load was investigated by testing 1 concrete filled circular steel tube (CFST) column and 7 RCFST columns which were subjected to a constant axial loading and a cyclic lateral loading. The effects of the reinforcement ratio, the axial loading level and the steel ratio on the strength, ductility and energy dissipation of the RCFST columns were studied. The experimental results indicate that the hysteretic curves of RCFST columns were plump, and they demonstrated good seismic performance.In the following loading periods, the longitudinal reinforcement of RCFST columns yield, and their strength was efficiently mobilized. RCFST columns display an obvious increase in the strength, ductility and energy dissipation with the increase of reinforcement ratio. The effects of the axial loading level and the steel ratio on the seismic performance of RCFST column were similar to CFST column.