综述了金纳米粒子的几种常见制备方法以及这些方法的特点，并归纳为物理法及化学法。前者包括真空蒸镀法、软着陆法及激光消融法；后者又划分为溶胶法、晶种生长法、反胶束法、相转移法及模板法等。不同的方法可获得不同粒径和形状的金纳米粒子，应用时可根据需要选择合适的方法。金纳米粒子特殊的物理及化学性质使其在化学、生物、医学等领域有广泛的用途，尤其在DNA检测中有重要的应用价值。根据方法的特点，DNA检测可分为光学检测法、电化学检测法、压电检测法等。在这些方法中使用金纳米粒子后，检测方法的灵敏度及检测范围有了明显的提高。

Several conventional methods for preparing gold nanoparticles and their features are reviewed,Which are separated into physical metnods. The physical methods include vacuum evaporation,soft landing and laser ablation, and chemical methods the chemical ones have colloidal metheds,crystal species generating metheds,reverse micellar methods,phase transmission and model methods,etc..Gold nanoparticles with different size and shape can be produced by different methods. Peculiar physical and chemical properties of gold nanoparticles make them have wide applications in fields of chemistry, biology and medicine, especially in DNA detection. There are optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric methods for detection of DNA. The sensitivity and detection range of these methods can be significantly improved with the using of gold nanoparticles.

TB383 Q523

国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 2 990 70 0 5 )