According to climatic characteristics of the hot summer and cold winter zone, P. R. China and considering the different forms of interior and exterior insulation, different thickness of insulation, different materials of insulation and different forms of the main wall, this paper developed a physical model and a mathematic model, calculated the characteristics of materials and wall construction. It used the software Fluent to analyze thermal performance of different types of walls, to compare the interior and exterior surface temperature. The results of simulation show that under the condition of the same continuous temperature-wave, there are basically irrelative between the external surface average temperature and wall constructions. Compared among those construction with the same index of thermal inertia and heat transmission coefficient, but the different insulation-form, it shows that the exterior insulation has more attenuation and longer delay time than interior insulation ，and the interior surface has less fluctuations of temperature, stronger resistance against wave changes in outdoor temperature and better thermal stability. Under the same main wall material with different insulation materials, it shows that the heat transfer coefficient and thermal inertia can’t be used to comprehensively value the effect of thermal insulation, and the materials with more temperature attenuation have better energy-saving materials performance.