Metal particles are one of the key factors in the insulation strength reduction of gas insulated transmission lines (GIL). The study of the impact recovery coefficient of metal particles and electrodes can provide a theoretical basis for the suppression of metal particles. Based on the elastoplastic deformation theory, the formula of the normal recovery coefficient and the tangential recovery coefficient were derived in this work. The effects of particle material properties, particle diameter and collision velocity on the impact recovery coefficient were studied by the collision recovery coefficient measurement platform. The experimental results verify the reliability of the theoretical calculation formula. The theoretical calculations and experimental measurements show that according to the order of metal aluminum, copper and steel, the normal impact recovery coefficient gradually decreases, while the tangential impact recovery coefficient gradually increases. Both the normal impact recovery coefficient and the tangential impact recovery coefficient are negatively correlated with the particle diameter. Besides, under the same oblique impact angle, the normal impact recovery coefficient decreases with the increase of the collision velocity, but the tangential impact recovery coefficient decreases first and then increases with the increase of collision velocity, and the variations of normal or tangential restitution coefficients under different oblique impact angles are similar. The calculation method of collision recovery coefficient can provide theoretical support for engineering design of particle traps.