The bamboo-clay-wall dwellings are an important type of traditional dwellings in the Bayu region. To analyse indoor thermal environment of bamboo-clay-wall dwelling, a typical house in Songji Town, Chongqing was chosen to be measured. Then, 30 ℃ is used as the upper limit of adaptive temperature to evaluate the indoor thermal environment of the measured house. The results show that indoor temperature was below 30 ℃ in 70% of time a day, and the performance is different between day and night. In the daytime, about 46% of the time indoor temperature is lower than 30 ℃. At night, more than 90% of the time indoor temperature is lower than 30 ℃. The thermal insulation and thermal stability of the envelopes are poor, the thermal resistance of roof and wall only reached 14% and 56% to the regulations mentioned in Design Standard for Energy efficiency of Rural Residential Buildings. But this makes the envelopes have good dissipation, and effectively improve the building’s cooling capacity at night. Stilted floors make the indoor thermal environment more susceptible to the influence of the outdoor environment, but combined with a good micro-climate, it is beneficial to adjust the indoor thermal environment, especially to effectively solve the problem of building comfort at night in hot and humid areas without air conditioning. It reflects the characteristic that this kind of dwelling house adapts to the local hot and humid climate.