In order to analyze the utilization and loss of energy and phosphorus in the production of calcium carbide by the new process of coal-coke-electricity grading substitution, and evaluate the different calcium carbide production processes scientifically, this paper analyzes the material balance, energy balance and exergy balance of the new process based on the actual operation data of a domestic calcium carbide production enterprise. The new process of coal-coke-electricity grading substitution, electrothermal method and oxycaloric method were evaluated against the comprehensive energy consumption index and exergy index of multiple products with different target products as benchmarks. The results show that in the total energy and total exergy input into the new system, the energy and exergy proportion of the cold pellet into the pyrolysis furnace are the highest, 69.36% and 71.85% respectively; in the total energy and total energy output of the new system, the energy and exergy proportion carried out by calcium carbide are the highest, which are 71.97% and 69.09% respectively; among the various heat losses, calcium carbide furnace gas takes the most heat, accounting for 15.12% of the total heat output. The power consumption per unit product of the new process is only 2.48 kWh/kg-CaC₂, which is 23.93% lower than that of 3.26 kWh/kg-CaC₂ of electrothermal method. When CaC₂ is the only target product, the new process has the lowest comprehensive energy consumption of 10.22 kWh/kg-CaC₂ per unit product and comprehensive exergy consumption of 9.15 kWh/kg-CaC₂ per unit product. Compared with the traditional electric heating method and oxygen heating method, the new process has obvious advantages of energy saving and exergy saving.