为分析煤-焦-电分级替代新工艺制备电石各环节能量和的利用与损失情况，对不同电石生产工艺进行科学评价，文中依据国内某电石生产企业的实际运行数据，对煤-焦-电分级替代电石生产新工艺进行了物料平衡、能量平衡和平衡分析；依据多产品综合能耗指标和综合耗指标，以不同目标产物为基准对煤-焦-电分级替代新工艺、电热法及氧热法进行了对比。结果表明，在输入新系统的总能量和总中，冷球团带入热解炉的能量和占比最高，分别为69.36%和71.85%；在输出新系统的总能量和总中，电石带出的能量和占比最高，分别为71.97%和69.09%；在各项热损失中，电石炉气带走的热量最多，占总输出热量的15.12%；新工艺单位产品电耗仅为2.48 kWh/kg-CaC₂，比电热法的3.26 kWh/kg-CaC₂降低了23.93%。当以CaC₂为唯一目标产物时，分级替代新工艺具有最低的单位产品综合能耗10.22 kWh/kg-CaC₂和单位产品综合耗9.15 kWh/kg-CaC₂，与传统电热法和氧热法相比，具有显著的节能和节优势。

In order to analyze the utilization and loss of energy and phosphorus in the production of calcium carbide by the new process of coal-coke-electricity grading substitution, and evaluate the different calcium carbide production processes scientifically, this paper analyzes the material balance, energy balance and exergy balance of the new process based on the actual operation data of a domestic calcium carbide production enterprise. The new process of coal-coke-electricity grading substitution, electrothermal method and oxycaloric method were evaluated against the comprehensive energy consumption index and exergy index of multiple products with different target products as benchmarks. The results show that in the total energy and total exergy input into the new system, the energy and exergy proportion of the cold pellet into the pyrolysis furnace are the highest, 69.36% and 71.85% respectively; in the total energy and total energy output of the new system, the energy and exergy proportion carried out by calcium carbide are the highest, which are 71.97% and 69.09% respectively; among the various heat losses, calcium carbide furnace gas takes the most heat, accounting for 15.12% of the total heat output. The power consumption per unit product of the new process is only 2.48 kWh/kg-CaC₂, which is 23.93% lower than that of 3.26 kWh/kg-CaC₂ of electrothermal method. When CaC₂ is the only target product, the new process has the lowest comprehensive energy consumption of 10.22 kWh/kg-CaC₂ per unit product and comprehensive exergy consumption of 9.15 kWh/kg-CaC₂ per unit product. Compared with the traditional electric heating method and oxygen heating method, the new process has obvious advantages of energy saving and exergy saving.

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国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFB0605903）。