直升机具有垂直起降、悬停和低空机动飞行的独特优势，在军用和民用航空领域发挥着重要作用，然而低速、高油耗、短续航和高噪声等不足制约了其应用市场拓展。根据飞行工况变化动态调整旋翼转速的变旋翼转速技术能较大程度上克服上述不足，提升直升机的综合性能，因而成为当前直升机领域重要的研究课题。目前，在变旋翼转速对直升机具体性能的影响、变旋翼转速的优化与控制、因使用变旋翼转速技术衍生的控制和变旋翼转速的实现等问题的研究仍面临着诸多挑战。基于此，文中综合了国内外变旋翼转速技术的研究成果，着重从变旋翼转速对直升机性能的影响、变旋翼转速的优化与控制、变旋翼转速技术的实现3个方面阐述了变旋翼转速技术的研究发展现状，并对其进行归纳和展望，旨在为高性能直升机变旋翼转速技术的发展提供有价值的参考。

Helicopters possess unique advantages such as vertical takeoff and landing, hovering, and low altitude maneuvering flight, playing crucial roles in military and civil aviation. However, issues such as low speed, high fuel consumption, limited range, and high noise levels, have become constraints on expanding the application market of helicopters in both military and civil sectors. Variable rotor speed technology offers a solution by dynamically adjusting rotor speed according to flight conditions, effectively mitigating these shortcomings and improving helicopter performance. Consequently, it has emerged as an important research area in helicopter technology. Currently, variable rotor speed technology faces numerous challenges concerning its impact on helicopter performance, optimization and control, controls derived from variable rotor speed technology, and implementation. This paper provides a summary of research findings on variable rotor speed technology, focusing on three key aspects: the impact analysis of variable rotor speed on helicopter performance, optimization and control methods, and the realization of variable rotor speed technology. The aim is to provide a valuable insights into the development of variable rotor speed technology of high-performance helicopter.

D460

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52072053）。