To meet needs of the vibration reduction of the engineering structure,the vibration reduction and isolation performance of the space truss structure are analyzed based on its periodic characteristics. By changing the mass of joints and the bar section parameters, their influence on the vibration reduction performance of the space truss structure is investigated. Then the actual engineering space truss - suspension crane structure is examined. First, the vibration transfer model of the whole system is established with the frequency response function synthesis method. Next, the vibration isolation performance of the structure is evaluated in the vibration isolation system. The results show that the space truss structure has a certain vibration suppression effect, and the band gap characteristics of the structure can be changed by adjusting the section stiffness of the member to achieve the expected vibration isolation effect. Increasing the mass of the space truss structure joints can change the vibration characteristics of the structure well, especially showing a good inhibitory effect at the high-frequency stage. However, the damping effect is negatively correlated with the cross-sectional stiffness. In addition, the double-layer vibration isolation system of the space truss-suspension crane structure has a good vibration isolation effect. Therefore, the layout of the structure can be optimized in the design stage by rationally making use of the periodic characteristics of the space truss structure, so as to enhance its vibration damping performance.