With the rapid development of urban nightlife, there is an increasing demand for the lighting effects of landmark buildings in the core areas. One such landmark is the ancient tower, which represents a typical oriental architectural style. However, the current satisfaction level with the night lighting effect of the ancient tower is low, and there is a lack of relevant studies in this area. This study begins with extensive investigations, measurements and research visits in the early stage to identify and analyze the factors that influence human visual perception of the aesthetic appeal of night lighting in ancient towers. Then, structural equation modeling and the AMOS software are used to analyze the relationships between variables and evaluate the factors influencing the visual perception of night lighting effect in ancient tower buildings. A quantitative analysis is constructed to understand the relationship between these influencing factors. Through model fitting, adjustment and analysis verification, the underlying relationship between core elements are further interpreted. Finally, the core evaluation elements are elaborated and analyzed from a quantitative perspective. The outcome is an objective and reasonable visual evaluation system for the night lighting of ancient tower buildings, which provides data and reference standards for the design, planning and construction of night lighting projects in ancient tower buildings.