To address the pressing demands of industrialized construction and to broaden the application of two prominent structural systems, namely, the steel frame-steel plate wall structure and the steel frame structure with concrete-filled steel tube columns, in high-intensity regions, a high-intensity area affordable housing construction project was taken as a prototype. This involved seismic design based on frequent earthquake response spectra and supplemented by elastic dynamic time history analysis. At the same time, a comparative analysis of the elastic-plastic seismic performance of these two structural systems under rare earthquake scenarios was conducted. The results show that the steel frame-steel plate wall structure system exhibits a bending-type lateral deformation pattern, with plastic hinges predominantly forming at the beam and column ends near the steel plates during earthquakes. Conversely, the steel frame structure with concrete-filled steel tube columns displays a shear-type lateral deformation pattern, with plastic hinges primarily forming at the beam ends on intermediate floors. Furthermore, both structural systems meet the prescribed seismic design requirements, rendering them suitable for application in high-rise civil buildings within high-intensity areas.