以三峡库区消落带为研究对象，将化学分析与生物测试相结合，研究水位变动对消落带土壤（落干期）和沉积物（淹水期）雌激素效应物质种类和含量及雌激素活性的影响，探讨典型雌激素与雌激素效应的关联程度，以期为水库消落带生态安全和环境健康管理提供重要的数据支撑。借助超高效液相色谱-质谱（UPLC-MS）对8种典型雌激素的赋存与质量浓度进行靶向分析，并使用重组基因酵母筛选（YES）体系检测环境样品雌激素活性，通过相关性分析和浓度加和计算建立化学物质与生物效应间的相关联系。8种典型雌激素仅有雌酮（E₁）和乙炔基雌二醇（EE₂）被检出，含量在0.025～2.667 ng/g范围内。淹水期的沉积物具有明显的雌激素活性，其雌二醇当量（EEQ）值为0.637～6.987 ng/g。相关性分析结果显示，靶向分析的雌激素效应物质与雌激素效应间无明显相关性，仅能解释29.46%的雌激素活性。水位变动影响消落带雌激素效应物质的种类和质量浓度，淹水提高了沉积物雌激素活性。典型雌激素物质与库区消落带雌激素效应无显著关联。因此，需要开发新的方法与技术，以便更为精确地指导消落带雌激素效应的风险识别与管控。

In this study, the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) was selected for investigation. A combination of chemical analysis and biological testing was utilized to investigate the effects of water fluctuation on the compounds and concentrations of estrogenic effector substances, as well as the estrogenic activity in soil (during the non-flooding period) and sediment (during the flooding period). The correlation between typical estrogens and estrogenic activity was analyzed. The study aimed to provide crucial data support for reservoir ecological safety and environmental health management. The distribution and concentration of 8 typical estrogens were analyzed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), while estrogenic activity was determined via the yeast estrogen screening assay (YES). Correlation analysis and concentration summation calculations were used to establish the relationships between chemical substances and biological effects. Among the 8 studied estrogens, only estrone (E₁) and ethinylestradiol (EE₂) were detected, with concentrations ranging from 0.025 ng/g to 2.667 ng/g. Sediments during the flooding period showed significantly higher estrogenic activity, with 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ) ranging from 0.637 ng/g to 6.987 ng/g. However, correlation analysis did not reveal a distinct correlation between the target compounds and estrogenic effects, as the detected chemicals only accounted for about 29.46% of the estrogenic activity. The results suggest that water fluctuation can influence the type and the concentration of estrogens in the water level fluctuation zone of the TGR, leading to increased estrogenic activity during the flooding period. The direct linkage between typical estrogens and estrogenic activity was not identified. Therefore, new methods and techniques are required to enhance identification accuracy and improve the management of the risk of estrogenic effects in the water level fluctuation zone.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（51909015）。