The fluid flow and heat transfer processes inside three thermal storage tanks with different top or obstacle structures are numerically analyzed in this paper to take advantage of solar energy and improve the comprehensive efficiency of solar energy system with the engineering background of Urumqi region"s solar water heating system for floor heating. The alternate operation mode of each water tank is also discussed. The results show that it is feasible to use the multi-tank alternating operation mode at different times. In actual engineering, on the premise of meeting the needs of hot users, the low-flow operation mode should be preferentially adopted. According to the thermal stratification characteristics of the water tank, 3# water tank is preferentially operated at 11:30, followed by 2# and 1# water tanks. 3# water tank should be preferentially operated at 15:00 and 18:00 while 1# and 2# water tanks can be used as backup for each other. The 3# water tank is more suitable for users with higher water temperature requirements but less water consumption, followed by the 1# water tank. When users generate a lot of backwater and need hot water with higher temperature, the 2# water tank is preferentially enabled.
[1] ?omakl? K, ?ak?r U, Kaya M, et al. The relation of collector and storage tank size in solar heating systems[J]. Energy Conversion and Management. 2012, 63: 112-117.
[2] Taheri Y, Ziapour B M, Alimardani K. Study of an efficient compact solar water heater[J]. Energy Conversion and Management. 2013, 70: 187-193.
[3] 付博亨,庄春龙,黄光勤,等. 太阳能热风采暖系统中岩石床蓄热特性研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报. 2016, 37(11): 142-145.u B H, Zhuang C L, Huang G Q, et al. Study on thermal storage characteristics of rock bed in solar hot air heatingsystem[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering. 2016, 37(11): 142-145.
[4] Bouhal T, Fertahi S, Agrouaz Y, et al. Numerical modeling and optimization of thermal stratification in solar hot water storage tanks for domestic applications: CFD study[J]. Solar Energy. 2017, 157: 441-455.
[5] Gómez M A, Collazo J, Porteiro J, et al. Numerical study of an external device for the improvement of the thermal stratification in hot water storage tanks[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018, 144: 996-1009.
[6] Chandra Y P, Matuska T. Stratification analysis of domestic hot water storage tanks: A comprehensive review[J]. Energy and Buildings. 2019, 187: 110-131.
[7] Wang Z, Zhang H, Huang H, et al. The experimental investigation of the thermal stratification in a solar hot water tank[J]. Renewable Energy. 2019, 134: 862-874.
[8] Kur?un B, ?kten K. Effect of rectangular hot water tank position and aspect ratio on thermal stratification enhancement[J]. Renewable Energy. 2018, 116: 639-646.
[9] Majumdar R, Saha S K. Effect of varying extent of PCM capsule filling on thermal stratification performance of a storage tank[J]. Energy. 2019, 178: 1-20.
[10] Kumar S, Grover R B, Yadav H, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation on suppression of thermal stratification in a water-pool: PIV measurements and CFD simulations[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018, 138: 686-704.
[11] Kang M, Kim J, You H, et al. Experimental investigation of thermal stratification in cryogenic tanks[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 2018, 96: 371-382.
[12] Wang Z, Zhang H, Dou B, et al. Influence of inlet structure on thermal stratification in a heat storage tank with PCMs: CFD and experimental study[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019, 162: 114151.
[13] Bouzaher M T, Bouchahm N, Guerira B, et al. On the thermal stratification inside a spherical water storage tank during dynamic mode[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019, 159: 113821.
[14] Dannemand M, Perers B, Furbo S. Performance of a demonstration solar PVT assisted heat pump system with cold buffer storage and domestic hot water storage tanks[J]. Energy and Buildings. 2019, 188-189: 46-57.
[15] Haller M Y, Haberl R, Reber A. Stratification efficiency of thermal energy storage systems – A new KPI based on dynamic hardware in the loop testing - Part II: Test results[J]. Energy and Buildings. 2019, 202: 109366.
[16] Wang Z, Zhang H, Dou B, et al. The thermal stratification characteristics affected by a novel equalizer in a dynamic hot water storage tank[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2017, 126: 1006-1016.
[17] Bai Y, Yang M, Wang Z, et al. Thermal stratification in a cylindrical tank due to heat losses while in standby mode[J]. Solar Energy. 2019, 185: 222-234.
[18] 王烨,王瑞君,鲁红钰,等. 太阳能蓄热水箱内置隔板开孔方式对蓄热性能的影响[J]. 农业工程学报. 2019, 35(10): 191-198.ang Y, Wang R J, Lu H Y, et al. Influence of opening method of built-in partition of solar water storage tank on heat storage performance[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. 2019, 35(10): 191-198.
[19] 王烨,鲁红钰,付银安,等. 具有内置隔板的太阳能蓄热水箱运行参数研究[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报. 2019, 27(03): 667-676.ang Y, Lu H Y, Fu Y A, et al. Study on operating parameters of solar water storage tank with built-in separator[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering. 2019, 27(03): 667-676.
[20] 张叶,陈超,王万江,等. 太阳能相变蓄热地板辐射供暖系统应用于乌鲁木齐地区办公建筑的实验研究[J]. 暖通空调. 2016, 46(06): 101-109.hang Y, Chen C, Wang W J, et al. Experimental study on application of solar phase change heat storage floor radiant heating system in office buildings in Urumqi [J]. Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning. 2016, 46(06): 101-109.
[21] Gao W, Liu T, Lin W, et al. Numerical study on mixing characteristics of hot water inside the storage tank of a solar system with different inlet velocities of the supply cold water[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2011, 11: 1153-1163.
[22] 吕水燕,张传侠,叶坤,等. 高超声速气动热数值模拟的网格模式相关性研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报. 2019, 40(03): 82-86.v S Y, Zhang C X, Ye K, et al. Research on grid mode correlation of hypersonic aerodynamic numerical simulation [J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering. 2019, 40(03): 82-86.
[23] 陶文铨.数值传热学[M].第二版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[24] Musser A, Bahnfleth W. Evolution of temperature distributions in a full-scale stratified chilled water storage tank [J].ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104 (1):55-67.
[25] Castell A, Medrano M, Solé C, et al. Dimensionless numbers used to characterize stratification in water tanks for discharging at low flow rates[J]. Renewable Energy. 2010, 35(10): 2192-2199.
[26] Ulrike J, Simon F. Thermal stratification in small solar domestic storage tanks caused by draw-offs[J]. Solar Energy,2004,78(2) : 291-300.