脱水管类型是影响非胶结充填体脱水技术的关键因素之一。基于仿生学设计新型脱水管,以某铁矿尾砂为例,通过脱水试验对比分析新型脱水管的脱水效率和脱水效果,研究强化脱水规律。试验结果表明：脱水管根系状设计可以增加脱水管过水面积和减小渗流距离。新型脱水管相比普通脱水管,脱水时间减少了20%,累计脱水量增加了10.3%,提高了脱水效率；引入尾砂流失量作为评价脱水管脱水效果的依据,新型脱水管相比普通脱水管尾砂流失量减少了45%,脱水效果十分显著；新型脱水管强化非胶结充填体脱水的过程可划分为2个区域,即急流区和平稳区。观察到非胶结充填体与试验装置内表面形成了大量分布均匀的孔隙导水带,这也是新型脱水管能提高脱水效率的原因之一。

The type of dehydration tube is one of the key factors influencing the dehydration technology of filling. The paper analyzes the water absorption model of plant roots, designs new dehydration tube and related test devices based on bionics, studies the dehydration efficiency, effect of the new dehydration tube and the dehydration law of unclassified tailings non-cemented filling. The test results show that the root-like design of the dehydration tube can increase the water passing area and reduce the seepage distance of the dehydration tube. Compared with the ordinary dehydration tube, the new type reduces the dehydration time by 20%, and the cumulative dehydration volume increases by 10.3%, which improves the dehydration efficiency. The tailings loss was introduced to evaluate the dehydration effect of dehydration tube, and the new type dehydration tube has a 45% reduction in tailings loss compared to the conventional dehydrating tube. The unclassified tailings non-cemented filling and the inner surface of the test device form a large number of uniformly distributed pore water-conducting zones, which is one of the reasons why the new dehydration tube can improve the dehydration efficiency. The dehydration process of the unclassified tailings non-cemented filling can be divided into three stages: rapid, steady and gentle flow zone. The steady flow zone is the key to improve dehydration efficiency.

U416.1

国家自然科学(51674012)