垃圾渗滤液污染物浓度高且生态风险大，其处理处置受到国家高度重视。基于大量文献分析，综述了中转站、焚烧厂、填埋场等各类垃圾渗滤液的产量及污染特性；结合当前固废处理政策展望了垃圾渗滤液处理技术及管理方面的发展。研究表明，随着“无废城市”建设，垃圾分类以及原生垃圾零填埋等政策的实施可从“量与质”双方面缓解渗滤液处理难题，未来我国垃圾渗滤液的主要处理对象是中老龄垃圾渗滤液。“预处理+生物处理+深度处理”的技术模式是处理渗滤液的有效手段。垃圾分类背景下，未来前处理阶段主要关注各工艺的局部优化；生物处理阶段，开发低碳源和无碳源脱氮工艺对增效降耗具有积极意义；深度处理阶段，关注非膜法全量化处理工艺可解决浓缩液问题并去除痕量有机物，有助于更全面地管控渗滤液污染风险。

The disposal of leachate is highly valued by government due to its characteristic of high concentration of pollutants and ecological risk. Based on literature survey, this paper investigated the output and pollution characteristics of different kinds of leachate from transfer stations, incineration plants and landfills. The development targeting on leachate disposal technology and management was prospected based on the current solid waste treatment policy. The results show that with the construction of "Zero waste cities", the difficulties in leachate disposal can be alleviated both in terms of quantity and quality with the implementation of policies such as garbage classification and "zero landfill" of crude waste, while middle and aged-landfill leachate has become the main target in the future. The technical mode of "pretreatment + biological treatment + advanced treatment" was applied as an effective means for leachate disposal. With the wide implementation of garbage classification, particular attention was given to local optimization in pre-treatment stage. The development of low carbon and carbon-free denitrification process can significantly achieve increased operational efficiency and consumption reduction during biological treatment stage. In the stage of advanced treatment, non-membrane full quantification treatment process was the main focus for proper disposal of concentrated leachate and trace organic compounds removal, which is helpful to achieve a more comprehensive risk control on leachate pollution.

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重庆市市城管科字(2019)第14号；中央高校基本科研业务费(NO. 2019CDCGHS307)