Space rolling bearings usually use molybdenum disulfide for solid lubrication, and it is difficult to replenish the solid lubricant in space so there are some challenges for the lubrication performance of the bearings. For the space rolling bearing reciprocating motion state molybdenum disulfide film lubrication failure mechanism is unknown, proposed a method to analyze the film lubrication process using molecular dynamics. Firstly, a single-layer molybdenum disulfide film friction atomic model is established with FeNiCr alloy as the substrate and probe, and the inter-atomic interaction relationship is described by constructing a mixed potential function, followed by the reciprocating oscillation simulation of molybdenum disulfide film for normal load and ambient temperature, which are two important influencing factors of space rolling bearing. The friction force, adhesion and wear of the molybdenum disulfide film during the friction process are finally obtained, and conclusions are drawn by calculating the friction coefficient of the film to judge the lubrication failure. The simulation results show that: 1) the friction of the FeNiCr alloy probe on the monolayer molybdenum disulfide film is stick-slip motion, and the friction process of the probe does not cause wear to the film in the load range of 20-100nN, but the lubrication performance is improved during the reciprocating motion. Normal load from 200nN onwards, the friction process of the probe will cause wear to the film, and the lubricity will decrease during the reciprocating motion. 400nN is the load limit of the single-layer film, at this load the probe will pierce the film and contact with the substrate, then the film wears rapidly and loses its lubricity; 2) the ambient temperature below 1773.15K has no obvious effect on the lubricity of the film, but When the ambient temperature reaches the melting point of molybdenum disulfide, the melting speed of the film will be accelerated and the lubricating effect will be lost. Conclusions: 1) molybdenum disulfide monolayer film has excellent wear resistance and lubricity for contact load below 8 Gpa; 2) repeated friction process will bring improvement to the lubricity performance under the condition that the film is broken; 3) two-dimensional lamellar structure has an important influence on the lubricity performance of monolayer molybdenum disulfide film, high temperature and heavy load will cause damage to the film lamellar structure.