Strictly controlling the concentration of fluorion in drinking water can effectively reduce the risk of bone fluorosis and dental fluorosis. In recent years, cerium based adsorption materials have shown excellent performance in solving the problem of fluorion pollution, and cerium organic framework materials (Ce-MOFs) or their derivatives generated by the reaction of cerium salt with organic acids can effectively remove fluorion from water. Ce-MOFs CeT1 and its derivative CeT2 were produced by ammonium cerium nitrate (Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6) and homophenic acid (H3BTC) at different reaction times. When H3BTC was replaced by terephthalic acid (H2BDC), two Ce-MOFs, CeD1 and CeD2, were generated. XRD, BET, SEM, XPS and FTIR were used to systematically characterize the structure, specific surface area, element content and constituent groups of the materials. The adsorption properties of the four materials were studied by controlling the adsorption time, the initial concentration of solute, the pH value of solution and the types of competing ions. The adsorption kinetics model and adsorption isothermal model were fitted to the experimental data to explore the adsorption mechanism. The characterization results showed that CeT1 was Ce(Ⅳ)-MOFs with high coordination unsaturated, CeD1 was Ce(Ⅳ)-MOFs with the largest specific surface area (1003.10 m2/g), and both CeT2 and CeD2 were Ce(Ⅲ) adsorption materials. In the adsorption experiments, the maximum adsorption capacities of CeT1, CeT2, CeD1 and CeD2 are 99.38 mg/g, 142.45 mg/g, 60.45 mg/g and 124.55 mg/g, respectively. CeT1, CeT2 and CeD2 conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. CeD1 conforms to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The adsorption mechanisms of fluorion in the four materials are mainly electrostatic attraction, ion exchange and precipitation. Among them, the unsaturated coordination of CeT1 can provide adsorption sites for ion exchange and electrostatic attraction, the large specific surface area of CeD1 increases the probability of collision between pollutants and materials, and the Ce(Ⅲ) contained in CeT2 and CeD2 can be fixed by precipitation by forming CeF3 (Ksp=8×10-16) with minimal solubility product constant. The characteristics and defluorination ability of the four materials were analyzed, and the defluorination mechanism was explored, so as to provide reference for the preparation and optimization of Ce-MOFs and its derivatives.