Ultrasonic transducer is the core component of ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting device, in order to develop a large-amplitude ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting device suitable for high-speed dry cutting, it is necessary to design and develop the ultrasonic transducer initially. First of all, based on the design method of the second-stage amplified ultrasonic transducer considering the tool, following the integrated design concept of amplifier-ultrasonic transducer, combined with the results of modal analysis and harmonious response analysis of ANSYS finite element software, the two-stage amplified ultrasonic transducer was designed and developed. According to the characteristics of the developed two-stage amplified ultrasonic transducer, the matching ultrasonic generator, anti-rotation ring, power transmission system and tool holder shell structure were designed and developed systematically. Secondly, the performance tests of impedance analysis and amplitude measurement were carried out for the developed two-stage amplified ultrasonic transducer. Finally, the experimental test and analysis of the designed and developed large-amplitude ultrasonic vibration assisted high-speed dry cutting device were carried out to explore the improvement of the surface quality of the difficult-to-machine material 30CrMnSiNi2A. The results show that the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration simulation results of the designed and developed two-stage amplified ultrasonic transducer are consistent with the theoretical design, and the longitudinal vibration amplitude output is stable. Besides, the longitudinal vibration amplitude is 15.4 μm at 50 % output power and can maximum reach 25.1 μm, and the output amplitude is positively correlated with the power percentage which means that the performance test is good. The developed large-amplitude ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting device can greatly reduce the cutting force and surface roughness in the feeding direction, significantly improve the surface quality of difficult-to-machine materials, and is suitable for high-speed dry cutting of difficult-to-machine materials.