建立一种合理的等效电化学阻抗-热耦合模型对于采用高频交流电（AC）进行电池低温加热过程中的阻抗计算、温度预测具有重要意义。采用NSGA-II算法对7种不同的等效阻抗模型在10~100000Hz频率范围进行参数辨识后，通过对比发现在高频部分，相比单个电感模块，采用一个电阻和电感并联模块能够在不增加计算量的同时更准确描述集肤效应对阻抗曲线的影响；在利用依靠电池自身能量进行低温加热的拓扑结构获取了不同频率下的高频额外产热和随温度时变的换热系数后，建立了一种适用于高频AC加热下的电池等效电化学阻抗-热耦合模型；在恒定频率加热下验证了模型的准确性，同时证明了采用随温度时变的换热系数进行温度预测的必要性；在变频加热下验证了模型的实用性，且与现有模型相比，在高频范围内的温度预测最大误差从2.93℃降为0.35℃，RMSE仅为0.23℃。

Establishing a reasonable equivalent electrochemical impedance-thermal coupling model is important for impedance calculation and temperature estimation during low temperature heating of batteries using high-frequency alternating current (AC). After using the NSGA-II algorithm to identify the parameters of seven different equivalent impedance models in the frequency range from 10 to 100000 Hz, it is found that the use of one resistor and inductor parallel module can more accurately describe the effect of skin effect on the impedance curve without increasing the computational effort compared to a single inductor module in high frequency region; after obtaining additional high-frequency heat generation at different frequencies and time-varying heat transfer coefficients with temperature using a topology that relies on the battery's own energy for heating, an electrochemical impedance-thermal coupling model applicable to the battery under high-frequency AC heating is proposed. The accuracy of the model is verified under constant frequency, and the necessity of using a time-varying heat transfer coefficient with temperature for temperature prediction is demonstrated; the practicality of the model is verified under variable frequency, and the maximum temperature error of prediction in the high frequency range is reduced from 2.93°C to 0.35°C with an RMSE of only 0.23°C compared with existing model.

TM912

国家自然科学基金(52072053)。