采用冷喷涂技术在纯铜（Cu）基体上制备了不同钨（W）含量的Cu/W复合涂层，系统研究W含量对涂层沉积特性和力学性能的影响规律。采用场发射电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的微观组织结构、相组成、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行表征分析。结果表明：冷喷涂复合涂层没有出现氧化和相变现象，添加10wt.%W含量的涂层孔隙率达到最低2.42%，但随着W含量的增加孔隙率逐渐增加。涂层硬度随着W含量的增加而增加，在30wt.%W含量的复合涂层中达到最大值为62.9HV0.2。与纯铜涂层相比，20wt.%W含量的Cu/W复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率达到最佳，这是因为硬质W颗粒的加入对涂层有一定的夯实和第二相强化作用使涂层孔隙率降低，显微硬度增加，然而当W颗粒含量增加时，软相Cu不能对沉积的W颗粒产生良好的包裹作用，致使复合涂层在摩擦磨损过程中W颗粒脱落，导致复合涂层摩擦系数和磨损率的增加。

Cu/W composite coatings with different tungsten (W) contents were prepared on pure copper (Cu) substrate using cold spraying technology. The influence of W content on the deposition characteristics and mechanical properties of the coatings was systematically studied. The microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, and friction and wear properties of the coating were characterized and analyzed using field emission electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester, and wear testing machine. The results showed that there was no oxidation and phase transition phenomenon in the cold sprayed composite coatings. The porosity of the coating with 10wt.%W content reached a minimum of 2.42%, and gradually increased with the increase of W content. The microhardness increases with the increase of W content, reaching a maximum value of 62.9HV0.2 in the composite coating with 30wt.%W content. Compared with pure Cu coatings, Cu/W composite coatings with 20wt.%W content showed an excellent friction coefficient and wear rate. This is attribute to that the addition of hard W particles has the role of compaction and second phase strengthening, which reduces the porosity of the coating and increases the microhardness. However, when the content of W particles increased, the soft phase Cu cannot effectively wrap the excess W particles, resulting in the spalling of W particles during the wear process, which induced the increase of friction coefficient and wear rate.

陕西省重点研发计划（2023GXLH-050）