为了更精准地描述高速公路分流区内车辆的跟驰行为,本文基于FVDM模型引入换道压力增益因子构建考虑换道压力和换道行为的跟驰模型。首先,对改进后的模型进行线性稳定性分析发现,随着换道增益因子的增大,高速公路分流区的稳定区域变小。其次,基于NGSIM数据集中提取的92辆换道车辆的轨迹数据标定改进的跟驰模型,并通过仿真分析表明,改进后的模型能够更好地模拟车辆的速度和位置,与FVDM模型相比,所构建的P-FVDM模型的仿真误差降低了16%；与LP-FVDM模型相比,所构建的PLP-FVDM模型的仿真误差降低了12%。最后,利用改进的跟驰模型仿真分析分流区内的交通震荡现象,结果表明,车辆的换道行为能够引发交通震荡,在较高的行驶速度下交通震荡的振幅会衰减,当行驶速度较低时,速度标准差沿车队向上游呈现凹增长趋势；换道位置离出口匝道越近所引发的交通震荡越严重；换道持续时间越短越有利于抑制交通震荡。

In order to more accurately describe the following behavior of vehicles in the freeway shunt zone, this paper introduces the lane change pressure gain factor based on the FVDM model to construct a following model that considers lane change pressure and lane change behavior. First, the linear stability analysis of the improved model reveals that the stability region of the freeway shunt area becomes smaller with the increase of the lane change gain factor. Second, the improved model is calibrated based on the trajectory data of 92 lane-changing vehicles extracted from the NGSIM dataset, and the simulation analysis shows that the improved model can better simulate the speed and position of the vehicles, and the simulation error of the constructed P-FVDM model is reduced by 16% compared with that of the FVDM model; the simulation error of the constructed PLP-FVDM model is reduced by 16% compared with that of the LP-FVDM model; and the simulation error of the constructed PLP-FVDM model is reduced by 16% compared with that of the LP-FVDM model. model reduces the simulation error by 12% compared to the LP-FVDM model. Finally, the improved FVDM model is used to simulate and analyze the traffic oscillation phenomenon in the diversion area, and the results show that the traffic oscillation can be triggered by the lane changing behavior of vehicles, and the amplitude of the traffic oscillation will be attenuated at higher driving speeds, and the standard deviation of the speeds will show a concave growth trend along the convoy to the upstream when the driving speeds are lower; the closer the position of the lane changing to the exit ramp is, the more serious traffic oscillation is triggered; and the shorter the duration of the lane changing is, the better it is for suppressing the traffic oscillation. The shorter the duration of lane change is, the more favorable it is to suppress the traffic oscillation.

黑龙江省自然科学基金