Under the influence of multiple mining in the coal seam group, there are a large number of granules with different lithologies in the collapse zone, which have an important influence on the movement of the overlying rock strata. Therefore, in order to investigate the compaction and re-crushing characteristics of the granules under multiple mining, this research carries out the mechanical test of granules of different lithology. The variation rule of granules mechanical parameters under cyclic loading was investigated, and the energy evolution characteristics and fractal characteristics of granules were clarified. The results show that: the mudstone in different lithological samples has lower strength and the highest final strain, resulting in relatively low energy input to achieve the same deformation, which corresponds to the larger fractal dimension of the mudstone in the granules of different lithologies, and the degree of fragmentation of the mudstone granules is higher under the same loading. Meanwhile, in the early stage of stress loading, the granules porosity decayed the fastest, the compression modulus gradually increased, and the granules was compacted rapidly at this stage, but there was a certain threshold, when the stress exceeded the range, the granules energy density change and porosity decay increased, the compression modulus continued to decline, and the granules particles were ruptured in large quantities. The results of the study can provide important theoretical support for revealing the movement mechanism of the rock mass in the collapse zone under multiple mining activities.