低渗透性是制约页岩气开采的主要因素之一,而岩体内裂隙的类型及复杂程度又是制约渗透率的关键因素,因此,加强页岩损伤破坏过程的研究对于提升页岩气开采效率而言意义重大。鉴于此,基于试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,对单轴荷载下含层理页岩的细观裂纹演化、宏观裂纹分形、损伤演化过程以及损伤影响因素等内容进行深入研究。研究结果表明：试件加载过程中,微裂纹发育整体呈“平稳上升-基本稳定-快速上升”变化趋势,就微裂纹发育阶段而言,0度和90度层理角度下,以拉伸裂纹发育为主,其占比依次为94.7和96,30度和60度层理角度下,以剪切裂纹发育为主,其占比依次为65和86.9；试件宏观破坏裂纹具有明显的分形特征,0度、30度、60度和90度层理角度下,宏观裂纹的分形维数依次为4.25、3.44、2.06和3.60；损伤发育规律受层理的影响,0度和90度层理角度下,损伤集中于基质内发育,30度和60度层理角度下,损伤则集中于层理处发育；此外,损伤受岩石的非均质性和各向异性的影响,比如,随着弹性模量方差的增加,试件的均质性减弱,同等荷载下的损伤范围增强,而随着层理刚度的增加,试件的各向异性减弱,同等荷载下的损伤范围增强。

Low permeability is one of the main factors restricting shale gas exploitation, and the type and complexity of fractures in rock mass are the key factors restricting permeability. Therefore, strengthening the study of shale damage and failure process is of great significance for improving the efficiency of shale gas exploitation. In view of this, based on the method of combining experiment and numerical simulation, the mesoscopic crack evolution, macroscopic crack fractal, damage evolution process and damage influencing factors of stratified shale under uniaxial load are deeply studied. The results show that the development of micro-cracks showed a trend of "steady rise - basically stable - rapid rise" during the loading of specimens. In terms of the stages of micro-crack development, the development of tensile cracks is the main at 0 degree and 90 degree bedding angles and its proportion is 94.7 and 96, while the development of shear cracks is the main at 30 degree and 60 degree bedding angles and its proportion is 65 and 86.9. The macroscopic failure cracks have obvious fractal characteristics, and the fractal dimensions of macroscopic cracks are 4.25, 3.44, 2.06 and 3.60 at 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees of bedding angles. The law of damage development affected by bedding. The damage is concentrated in the matrix at 0 degree and 90 degree bedding angles and is concentrated in the bedding at 30 degree and 60 degree bedding angles. In addition, the damage affected by the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the rock. For example, with the increase of the variance of the elastic modulus, the homogeneity of the specimen weakened and the damage range under the same load enhanced, while with the increase of the bedding stiffness, the anisotropy of the specimen weakened and the damage range under the same load enhanced.