“新基建”背景下不断扩大的线路建设使得导线覆冰对安全稳定电力输送的威胁又一次凸显，及时且准确的导线覆冰模拟和预测对电网防冰减灾工作意义重大。当前应用较多的导线覆冰模型主要依赖包括水滴中值体积直径MVD、液态水含量、风速和环境温度在内四项环境参数，而对水滴粒径分布特性的考虑较少。本文以Langmuir粒径分布谱为模板，建立了有限元和解析模型对导线表面水滴碰撞特性进行模拟，对比分析了使用水滴粒径分布谱和水滴中值体积直径计算所得水滴碰撞系数α1的差距，提出了水滴特征中值体积直径dx的概念。研究结果表明：相对于有限元法，解析法在使用便利性和计算速度上具有明显优势，但具有0.1左右的计算误差。使用水滴中值体积直径MVD相对于使用水滴粒径谱下计算所得α1的误差Δα1取决于MVD和dx的距离，当MVD接近dx时，Δα1较小，反之较大。本文研究成果可为导线覆冰模拟合理选择粒径参数的提供技术参考。

Under the background of the "New Infrastructure" the expanding construction of power lines has once again highlighted the threat of conductor icing to the safe and stable transmission of electricity. Timely and accurate simulation and prediction of conductor icing are of great significance for the grid's anti-icing and disaster mitigation efforts. The currently widely used conductor icing models primarily rely on four environmental parameters: median volume diameter (MVD) of water droplets, liquid water content, wind speed, and ambient temperature, with less consideration given to the droplet size distribution characteristics. This paper uses the Langmuir droplet size distribution spectrum as a template to establish finite element and analytical models to simulate the collision characteristics of water droplets on the conductors. It compares and analyzes the differences in the water droplet collision coefficient α1 calculated using the droplet size distribution spectrum and the median volume diameter. The concept of the characteristic median volume diameter dx of water droplets is proposed. The research results show that, compared to the finite element method, the analytical method has significant advantages in terms of convenience and calculation speed, although it has a calculation error of around 0.1. The error Δα1 between the α1 calculated using the MVD and that using the droplet size spectrum depends on the distance between MVD and dx; when MVD is close to dx, Δα1 is small, and vice versa. The findings of this paper can provide a technical reference for the reasonable selection of droplet size parameters in conductor icing simulations.

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