In this study, preliminary findings from solution immersion and soil simulation corrosion tests reveal a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of Q235 steel after surface deformation strengthening treatment. Based on these results, further investigations were conducted on its electrochemical performance in soil-simulating solutions with varying pH levels, chloride ions (), and sulfate ions () concentrations. The corrosion behavior was analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that surface deformation strengthened Q235 steel (ST-Q235) exhibits superior corrosion resistance compared to Q235 steel in chloride environments of different concentrations, showing sensitivity to high levels. In sulfate environments, the corrosion rate of Q235 increases with higherconcentrations, while ST-Q235 forms a passivation layer in highconcentrations, demonstrating good corrosion resistance. Additionally, at a higher pH value (pH 6), the corrosion rate of ST-Q235 significantly decreases, showing markedly better corrosion resistance compared to Q235.