重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51674049）
State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamic and Control
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674049)
针对硐室水溶采矿法溶区稳定性问题，本研究以彭山同乐钙芒硝矿开采为工程背景，采用室内溶浸实验与FLAC3D有限元数值模拟相结合的研究方法。首先通过溶浸实验系统性研究溶区内溶浸物体积变化规律，再通过建立三维数值模型分析溶区内应力场、位移场、塑性区分布特征及地表沉降规律。溶浸实验结果表明：溶浸开采之后，矿层中钙芒硝矿含量越高且矿石粒径越小，溶缩率越大。数值模拟结果表明：（1）溶浸物溶缩率的大小对溶区稳定性有较大影响；（2）溶浸后的钙芒硝矿体与未溶浸的芒硝矿柱最大垂直应力分别为3.25MPa和13MPa；（3）接顶情况下顶板最大下沉量为7mm，地表最大下沉量为7.7mm，未接顶情况下顶板最大下沉量为37.7mm，地表最大下沉量为34.5mm。结果表明溶浸物接顶情况下溶浸后的钙芒硝矿体仍能有效地支撑顶板，溶浸开采后溶区总体稳定；溶浸物不接顶情况下溶区整体稳定性存在隐患。研究结果对盐矿开采工程的长期稳定和安全运营均具有重要的理论价值和工程意义。
This investigation examines stability challenges in dissolution zones using chamber solution mining at Pengshan Tongle glauberite mine. Through integrated laboratory leaching experiments and FLAC3D finite element modeling, we systematically analyze volume variations of dissolved materials and establish 3D numerical simulations to characterize stress fields, displacement patterns, plastic zone distributions, and surface subsidence. Experimental data reveal that dissolution shrinkage increases proportionally with glauberite content and inversely with ore particle size. Numerical simulations demonstrate: (1) Dissolution contraction ratio critically influences zone stability; (2) Post-leaching bodies exhibit 3.25MPa vertical stress versus 13MPa in intact columns; (3) Roof-connected scenarios show 7mm roof subsidence (7.7mm surface), while non-connected cases display 37.7mm roof displacement (34.5mm surface). The results confirm that roof-connected leached material maintains effective support, ensuring overall stability, whereas non-connected conditions pose potential risks. These findings provide crucial insights for ensuring long-term operational safety in evaporite mining engineering.
