Two kinds of singular signal's characteristics of upper part serious damage piles encountered in the examination of structural integrity of piles are presented. Based on vibration and wave theories, the principle of identifying the existence of the upper part serious damage piles and the method of identifying the damaged positions and severity of piles are worked out. The structure integrity of a pile including damage type and position should be identified by vibration theory of single severity of freedom from its oscillating signs of low frequency,and the damage type and position should be respectively detected by vibration theory and wave theory from the oscillating signs of high frequency. The method is of great practicability in engineering field.