According to the characters of coal enterprises, such as resource constraints, high-risk production and environmental destruction, etc., we established an evaluation index system of technical progress for coal enterprises, which consists of nine second indicators and 24 third indicators. By using 1-9 scale of AHP(analytic hierarchy process) method, 42 experts from different work units and professional fields were invited to obtain the index weight. According to the weight analysis, the optimal path to improve coal enterprises' technological level is to improve the quality of the whole staff,introduce high-level technical personnel and increase science and technology investment funds. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate technology progress of coal enterprises. And a case study shows that this evaluation system can optimize coal industry development and management.