传统拖拉机由于自身结构和作业环境，因挡位密集或田间载荷波动常导致循环换挡，影响作业质量。为此，针对不同田间作业工况提出了工况自适应换挡控制策略：在起步或加速工况时，通过跳挡避免换挡频率过快；在载荷波动较小时，运用模糊-PID控制来满足速度的要求；在载荷波动较大时，通过对换挡策略的修正来满足速度的要求。运用MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台进行了验证。仿真结果表明：修正后的换挡策略能避免换挡频率过快，减小速度波动，避免了循环换挡，提高了燃油经济性。

Due to their dense gears or field load fluctuations, traditional tractors often need cyclic shifts, which affects the quality of work. Therefore, the adaptive shift control strategy is proposed for different field working conditions. Overshifting is avoided by skipping in start or acceleration conditions; when the load fluctuation is small, the fuzzy-PID control is used to meet the speed requirement; when the load fluctuation is large, the speed requirement is met by correcting the shift law. The strategy was verified by the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform and the results show that the modified shifting schedule can avoid too fast shift frequency, reduce the speed fluctuation, thereby improving the fuel economy.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（51875055）；国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFD0701100）。