The deformation and failure of rock masses in cold regions due to repeated freeze-thaw cycles present critical challenges that demand thorough investigation. This study examines the mechanical properties and crack propagation characteristics of fractured limestone subjected to varying numbers of freeze-thaw cycles and crack inclination angles. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted, and corresponding stress-strain responses and macroscopic failure patterns were obtained. The fracture surfaces were further analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that repeated freeze-thaw cycles induce pronounced brittle failure in fractured limestone. Peak stress and elastic modulus increase with crack inclination but decrease with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, while peak strain shows positive correlation with both variables. Macroscopic failure is primarily governed by crack-induced breakage, with spalling as a secondary mode. Fracture surfaces predominantly exhibit tensile cracks influenced by pre-existing flaws, but not by the number of freeze-thaw cycles. Microscopically, freeze-thaw action promotes the development of internal microcracks-evidenced by increased crack length, width and density-while pre-existing cracks exert minimal influence on microstructural features. Increasing crack inclination angles suppresses freeze-thaw damage, thus improving rock durability. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the stability and longevity of rock structures in cold-region mining engineering.