1912年“中央学会”的建立，标志着中国科技界形成。从此中央政府一直通过相关机构对科技界进行有效管理。20世纪20年代末成立了附属于南京国民政府大学院的中央研究院，后为国民政府直辖，科技体系由此慢慢壮大。1949年中央研究院留大陆部分成为中国科学院的主体。由此可见，中国科技界是在政府主导下产生的，不是由中国传统文化自发形成，因此，科学研究必须借助政府和市场的力量，成为建设新型文化的出发点。

The establishment of the “Central Society” in 1912 marked the formation of Chinese science and technology academia. From then on the central government has set up institutions to effectively manage the academia. In the late 1920’s, the academia sinica attached to the university council of national government had been set up, which was later directly controlled by the national government. Science and technology academia gradually grew stronger. The member of academia sinica stayed in the mainland in 1949 built up the main body of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The conclusion is that as Chinese S&T academia emerged under the guiding of the government, not naturally born from the traditional Chinese culture, scientific research in general requires the help of the government and market forces, and science as a cultural element will be the starting point for building a new culture.