实践教学是高校工科类专业完成知识传授和技能培养的关键环节。文章对课内实验、专业认识实习、生产实习、毕业实习、毕业设计等实践教学环节的模式、效果、存在的困难等情况进行了详细的调查、归纳与分析。得出的主要结论是：目前高校工科类专业实践教学中专业认识实习和生产实习所需校外现场难以满足要求、毕业实习逐步流于形式、毕业设计与学生就业工作严重冲突、创新设计性实验严重缺乏。这些结论为研究高校工科类专业实践教学模式的可替代方案奠定了基础。

The practical teaching is an important teaching link for engineering majors in universities and colleges. We analyzed the mode, teaching effect and existing problems of several practical teaching links including in class experiments, the professional practice, the productive practice, the graduation field work, and the graduation design. The results show that the place out of school for the professional practice can not meet the requirements, the graduation field work is formalistic, there are some conflicts between graduation project and getting a job for students, and the innovative experiment is lacking. The results lay the foundation for an alternative program to the practical teaching of engineering majors in universities and colleges.

北京教育科学研究“十一五”规划重点课题：高校工科类专业实践教学存在问题与对策研究(ADA09043)